Peace Treaties

Question 1

What was the Kapp putsch

Answer 1

1920 Germany
Revolution / attempt ‘coup’ to overthrow the SDP Government
Army did nothing
Defeated by general strike

Question 2

What was the Munich putsch

Answer 2

1923 Germany
Revolution / Failed ‘coup’ by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler
Failure
Hitler let of lightly

Question 3

Describe the Treaty of Sèvres

Answer 3

1920 (in France)
Treaty signed by the Allied of WWI and the Ottoman Empire (nowadays Turkey)
Loss of much territory to France, Britain and Italy (who formed the Tripartite Agreement)
Armenia and Kurdistan become independent
50,000 troops max ; no air force
Turks were angered and humiliated
Mustafa Kemal recruited nationalists and set up a new grand assembly by force
Treaty was dismantled after fighting and many atrocities
=> 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, giving back Turkish lands.

Question 4

Summarize the Treaty of Saint Germain

Answer 4

1919 (signed in France)
Treaty concluding WWI, signed between ALLIES and AUSTRIA
Dismembering of Habsburg Empire / Sorting out jumbled territory/ Independence of Poland, Hungary and Czechosolvakia
Lost access to sea
Italy unhappy, did not receive a lot of land
Separation of Austria and Hungary
Bohemia-Moravia —> Czechoslovakia
Bosnia-Herzegovinia, Croatia and Serbia —> Yugoslavia
Sanctions on Austria :
- armed forces limited to 30,000
- forbidden to reunite with Germany.
The old Austrian-Hungarian empire had already collapsed in 1918
Self determination to many states
Severe economic problems, industry wars in Czechoslovakia

Question 5

When and What was the occupation of the Ruhr

Answer 5

1922
Germany refused to pay reparation, arguing that they are too poor
France and Belgium entered the Ruhr and took what Germany owned them
Strikes from German workers, passive resistance : stopped producing goods

Question 6

Summarise the Treaty of Trianon

Answer 6

1920 (signed in France)
Treaty concluding WWI, signed between ALLIES and HUNGARY
Huge territory transfers all around
Lost access to sea
3 million Hungarians ended up in other states
Industries suffered from loss of people and raw material
Supposed to pay reparations, but never paid, due to weak economy

Question 7

Summarise the Treaty of Neuilly

Answer 7

1919 (signed in France)
Treaty concluding WWI, signed between ALLIES and BULGARIA
army reduced to max 20,000
100 million £ reparation
Least harsh treaty , because participated less in war
West territories lost ot Yugoslavia
South lost to Greece + sea port
South-east gained from Turkey

Question 8

Name four things that impact Germany after Versailles

Answer 8

Ranked (by me)
- Germany poor — because reparation and lost territory
- Germany gets aggressive — because lost land to neighbours
- Humiliated — because loss of armed forces
- Angry — because takes entire blame for war

Question 9

What were the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles

Answer 9

B.R.A.T.
BLAME on Germany, even though WW1 was not entirely their fault
REPARATION (6600 millions, leading to extreme poverty)
ARMS confiscated
- Army limit 100,000 people
- 6 battleships, no planes, submarines or armoured vehicles
- Conscription banned
- Rhineland becomes demilitarised
TERRITORY LOST
+ Demilitarisation of Rhineland
+ Separation Germany / Austria aka Anchluss forbidden
=> Profound bitterness of Germany

Question 10

Where were the first seeds of WWII planted?

Answer 10

Treaty of Versailles => Germany nursing a need for revenge

Question 11

How did the Weimar Republic deal with poverty after Ruhr strikes?

Answer 11

• Printed money => hyper inflation
• Currency had to be replaced

Question 12

Explain the hyper inflation in Germany

Answer 12

German Marks made worthless due to Reparations
After the Ruhr Strikes, everyone was so poor, the Government (Weimar) printed money, leading to hyper inflation

Question 13

Was the Treaty of Versailles positive or negative? Explain.

Answer 13

Both

Seriously? explain :-)

Question 14

What happens in 1919, 1923, 1926

Answer 14

1919 Versailles
1923 France and Belgium enter Germany and demand reparations
1926 Germany joins League of Nations

Question 15

Who were the big 3 in 1919? Describe.

Answer 15

USA - Woodrow Wilson - pacifist idealist
UK - Lloyd George - in between + seeks preservation of Empire
FRANCE - Georges Clemenceau - agressive vs Germany and more extreme

Question 16

Were other countries than Germany satisfied with Versailles?

Answer 16

FRANCE is happy
BRITAIN is afraid it might induce revenge

Question 17

What are reparations?

Answer 17

Money (aka tribute) paid to rebuild after war

Question 18

How much land did Germany lose to the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 18

10% of its land

Question 19

Which places did Germany lose to the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 19

• West prussia to Poland
• Alsace-Lorraine to France
• All overseas colonies to Britain and France
• Saar

Question 20

Why did Clemenceau and Lloyd George disagree at the Paris Peace Conference (about how to treat Germany)?

Answer 20

France had been invaded by Germany, and was right next to it, so it was more vulnerable so wanted harsher terms, while Lloyd wanted to keep the German economy stable so he could trade with them, as they were less at risk from Germany.

Clemeceau and George wanted to use different methods. Clemenceau wanted to completelyy cripple Germany while George was afraid Germany would then want revenge.

Question 21

Was the Treaty of Versailles fair?

Answer 21

Fair
- Germany invaded neutral Belgium in 1914, breaking international treaties and starting a war
- The Treaty was less harsh than Brest-Litovsk in 1918 with Russia
- All the fighting occured on French and Belgian soil, ruining ther farmland and killing their civilians, while no fighting happened on Germany, so Germany must compensate
- Germany’s problems were self-inflicted as the Kaiser’s government dd not raise taxes to pay for the war, an became in debt, because they thought if/when they won, they could get the money back in the form of reparations

Unfair
- The Germans had no choice but to accept the treaty - they were not asked their opinion
- The Germans were entirely blamed for the war, when the war actually broke out due to multiple factors
- Many Germans were left outside of Germany
- The treaty actually decreased the popularity of the Weimar Republic (New appointed German government at the time), instead of punishing the government that started the war. (This leads to Germany not being able to rebuild itself and become bitter - evidence - Muncih and beer Hall Pustch)

Question 22

Use statistics to describe the impact of territory loss due to the Treaty of Versailles on Germany

Answer 22

• 10% of land in europe was lost
• 12.5% of its population was lost
• 16% of its coalfields were lost
• Almost half of its Iron and Steel industry was lost

Question 23

Who was murdered in Weimar Germany demonstrating political instability

Answer 23

Walther Rathenau, Foreign Minister, was murdered in 1922 by extremists