Peace War And Nutrality Flashcards
(22 cards)
1918 Election
. Sinn Fein won 73 seats
. Home rulers took 6 seats
. Easter rising
The Easter rising occurred in 1916 and was a rebellion by republicans who didn’t agree with the British. It was led by Patrick Pearce. Britain responded by executing 15 of its leaders, (but spared de Valera). it made people in Dublin more sympathetic to republicanism.
War of Independance
The Irish War of Independence was a war fought from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (ira) and the British security forces in Ireland. It was an escalation of the Irish revolutionary period into warfare. For much of 1919, IRA activity primarily involved capturing weapons and freeing republican prisoners. In September that year the British government outlawed the Dáil and Sinn Féin, and the conflict intensified thereafter.
How was Northern Ireland created?
By the 1920 goverment of Ireland act. Northern Ireland was created with 6 counties and a parliament in belfast.
1921 election
Unionist won a majority and formed the first goverment of ni with James Craig as Prime Minister.
How was the Irish free State created?
By the Anglo Irish treaty, which left it with 26 counties and a dail in Dublin.
What was the opposition to the treaty
Sinn Fein supporters didn’t accept the treaty, which caused a civil war in 1922. In 1923 the pro treaty side won.
Who was he first IFS prime minister?
W T Cosgrave.
What cause the change in relationship between Ireland and Northern Ireland?
De velera coming into power 1932 created a sense of unease between the two counties and compromised the previously okay relationship between the two.
What was Britain like in 1945?
. It was a time of growing prosperity for those who had jobs
.due to mass production there was a wider range of consumer products such as radios
. Media such as newspaper and cinema was booming
. Slum living was prevalent
Northern Ireland in 1935
. Had its own parliament dominated but he ulster unionists.
.james Craig was prime minister
.nationalist party were the opposition in parliament
.extreme nationalists Sinn Fein refused to enter parliament.
.the two communities were bitterly devided
.economy was poor due to the fact the industry’s they had relied on were in decline
How were the IRA targeted?
With the special powers act 1922, which allowed them to be searched and imprisoned without trial
What were the conditions of the Anglo Irish treaty?
.Crown forces would withdraw from Ireland
.Ireland was to become a self-governing Dominion
.The King would be the Head of State and would be represented by a Govener General
.Members of the new free state’s parliament would be required to take an Oath of Allegiance to the Irish Free State.
.Northern Ireland would have the option of withdrawing from the Irish Free State.
.a Boundary Commission would be constituted to draw the boundary between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland.
.Britain kept the treaty ports
.
Why did Britain keep the treaty ports and why did Ireland resent them?
The treaty ports gave quick access to the Atlantic in the event of war
The treaty ports questioned the Irish Free States neutrality
What were de veleras Aims for Ireland?
De velera wanted a republic and to disband the Anglo Irish treaty.
How did de velera try to acheive his aims?
After the statute of Westminster was passed in 1931 which allowed countries in the commonwealth to change laws or treaties with GB, De velera abolished the oath of allegiance in 1933 and reduced the role of the king in 1937. The Irish free state was now a republic in all but name.
IFS in 1935
. It was not part of the uk but it was part of the commonwealth
.it was basically independent
.dail could make laws that needed to be approved by the king
.symbols of Britain,such as coins and postboxes still remained.
How did the Irish Anglo trade war started?
The Anglo Irish treaty started when de velera refused to pay Britain land annuities.
Describe the economic war.
In July 1932 the British Government imposed levies on Irish cattle exports in order to recover the value of land annuities which the Fianna Fail government decided to withhold. A 20% duty was imposed on the Irish Cattle and on the other main agricultural exports to the United Kingdom. Irelands answer to this was to impose its own duties on imports from Britain 20% in proportion to value on cement, electrical goods, machinery, iron and steel. This annoyed the British, as Coal Mining was a huge industry in Britain.
Effects of the economic war
The coal cattle pact damaged Irish farmers, who exported 90% of their goods to England. Cattle and livestock prices fell. There were coal and steel shortages and smuggling from NI increased. Britain suffered less, but there was a small rise in unemployment in certain sectors.
What was the first suggestion that both countries wanted the economic war to end?
In 1935 the coal cattle pact was created. Britain and Ireland signed the Coal-Cattle pact which meant that buying these commodities would be cheaper and easier to get. The coal-cattle pact indicated a willingness to end the “Economic War”.
How was the economic war ended?
In 1938 it was decided the economic war would end, Eire would pay £10 million for land annuities, the treaty ports were returned to Ireland, partitioned remained.
