Peacmaking 1918-1919 And The League Of Nations Flashcards
(61 cards)
Causes of the manchurian crisis, 1931-33:
Japan, a rising power in Asia, had developed quickly into a modern trading nation.
Wall Street crash had major impact on Japanese economy
Protectionist policies in the USA and other countries led to a loss in trade
Paris Peace Conference:
Paris Peace conference followed by Paris Peace conference where a peace treaty would be discussed.
Aims of Woodrow Wilson:
Ideas influenced by the fourteen points.
Did not want to impose a harsh treaty as this would lead to Germany wanting revenge
Two aims: self determination, international co-operation
The big three:
George Clemenceau of France
Woodrow Wilson of the USA
David Lloyd George of Great Britain
Aims of George Clemenceau:
Under pressure from French people to make Germany suffered as France had lost 1 million people.
Wanted to prevent future threats of German invasion
Wanted harsh treaty that would punish Germany
Aims of David Lloyd George:
British people wanted a harsh peace treaty and he had promised that he would make Germany pay
He feared a harsh treaty as might lead to a German desire for war
Wanted Britain and Germany to begin trading again
The fourteen points:
President Wilson of the USA ideas included:
- Reduction in arms
- self determination
- independence for Belgium
- France to reign Alsace-Lorraine
- Poland to become independent state
- a League of Nations set up to settle disputes between countries by peaceful means
Strengths of the Treaty of Versailles:
Brought peace to Europe and set up international organisation
Lenient towards the Germans which remained one country with a population of 60 million compared to the 40 million of France
Germany imposed much harsher treaty on Russia, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 1918. Russia lost nearly one-third of its land area.
Weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles:
Left Germany with a number of grievances
Germans can not afford to make the reparations payments
German reactions to the treaty:
Feelings of injustice
Reparations
Loss of territory
War guilt cause
What happened to the German armed forces as a result of the Treaty of Versailles:
Army limited to 100,000
Conscription banned. Soldiers had to be volunteers
Germany not allowed armoured vehicles, submarines or military aircraft
Navy could only have 6 battleships and thirty smaller ships
Rhineland had to be demilitarised zone
Who did Germany have to pay reparations to as a result of the treaty of Versailles:
Germany had to pay compensation to France, Britain and Belgium for damaged caused by war
How much were the reparations decided by the Allies for the treaty of Versailles:
6,600 million pounds was set up by a reparations commission in 1921
What does Anschluss mean:
The joining together of Austria and Germany which was forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles
Why was the League of Nations set up:
As an international ‘police force’.
Why were Germany not invited to join the League:
It had to prove it was a peace loving country
At the Treaty of Versailles loss of territories was agreed this meant that:
German lands and territories would be rearranged
Who did Alsace Lorraine go to:
France
What did the Rhineland become:
A demilitarised zone
Who got North Schleswig:
Denmark after a vote
Who received the Saar Land:
Saar land run by League of Nations and then a plebiscite to be held after 15 years
Who received West Prussia and Posen:
Poland
Who received Upper Silesia:
Poland
Who received Danzig:
Became a free city run by League of Nations.
