PEAT Exam 1 Review

Question 1

Chronic venous insufficiency will result in what kind of characteristic of the calf

Answer 1

bottle neck appearance.

Question 2

what kind of compensation at the trunk will help with LE advancement in the gait cycle

Answer 2

a backwards lean

Question 3

are the hip extensors in more or less demand when the person has a forward trunk lean

Answer 3

a backward trunk lean is less of a demand, whereas a forward trunk lean is more of a demand.

Question 4

Leukocytosis is ____, and is characterized by a WBC count of

Answer 4

high WBC count due to infection or leukemia

over the normal, so around 11,000-15,000 (normal is 4500-11000)

Question 5

what is immunosuppression

Answer 5

WBC count that is too low, so something less than 4,000.

Question 6

what is normal WBC count

Answer 6

4500-11000

Question 7

Where does the liver refer to

Answer 7

the right shoulder, with things like bruising, palmar erythema and confusion

Question 8

where will the pancreas refer to

Answer 8

the left shoulder

Question 9

where will the kidney refer to

Answer 9

the posterior subcostal area with changes in urination and such

Question 10

What kind of high volt is used for an infected vs a non infected wound

Answer 10

high volt uses a polar current, meaning a (=) and a (-). A positive electrode in the wound is used for clean wounds, because it attracts macrophages and epidermal cells. The negative part in the wound would attract neutrophils, so you would want to use a (-) current for the infected wounds.

Question 11

in an ACL patient, what criteria must be met to return to sports if there is still laxity in the ACL

Answer 11

you must be able to jump and land with stability in the knee.

Question 12

which if the following is not considered a restraint in a nursing home 
seat belt WC
bed rails
incline chair 
electronic device to monitor movement

Answer 12

electronic device

Question 13

where is Herpes Zoster usually found

Answer 13

along the T11-T12 dermatome, where the rash runs down along the iliac crest. This is also usually painful and burning and has a post surgical onset.

Question 14

what is the purpose of a transparent film

Answer 14

friction reduction

Question 15

what is the purpose of a foam dressing

Answer 15

the foam is used to absorb and it is occlusive, so it promotes a moist wound healing environment.

Question 16

what is alginate good for

Answer 16

this will help with hemostasis and is good for infected wounds

Question 17

is hydrocolloid good for infected wounds

Answer 17

no because it is the most occlusive

Question 18

rate pressure product reflects

Answer 18

myocardial oxygen demand

Question 19

what does capillary refill show

Answer 19

arterial skin perfusion

Question 20

ulse pressure reflects

Answer 20

the pressure for blood to fill tissues and organs (difference between systolic and diastolic)

Question 21

ABI over 1.1 is indicative of

Answer 21

arterial calcification, usually seen in people with diabetes.

Question 22

what is SCFE

Answer 22

slipped capital femoral epiphysis, usually in 10-16 y/o. This will result in leg length issues, IR limitation in the hips with pain, and pain with anterior impingement tests in the groin. There will also be knee pain.

Question 23

what is the anterior impingement test of the hip

Answer 23

flexion of the hip to 80-90 degrees with IR and ADD, will reproduce groin pain if SCFE present

Question 24

what is the FABER test for

Answer 24

lumbar, SI or posterior hip capsule dysfunction.

Question 25

compare and contrast left vs right sided HF

Answer 25

left ventricular HF will cause a backup into the pulmonary system, which will cause breathing problems, pallor, cyanosis, coughing right HF will result in a back up to the systemic system, which will result in bilateral edema (pedal) and JVD and ascites.

Question 26

differentiate a right vs left sided brain injury signs and symptoms

Answer 26

left: difficulty with speech and language, difficulty with planning and sequencing and cautious behavior right: spatial impairments, difficulty sustaining movements, and impulsive behaviors.

Question 27

How does gait change with a maturing child? what happens to velocity, cadence, single limb stance time and step length

Answer 27

velocity: increase cadence: decreases single limb stance: increases step length: increases

Question 28

what runs in the tarsal tunnel

Answer 28

``` Posterior tibialis tendon flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery and vein tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus ```

Question 29

differentiate between OA and RA onsets in an individual

Answer 29

OA will be usually unilateral and asymmetrical early on, and will not affect multiple joints. RA will start in the wrists and hands, is usually symmetrical. RA you will also get things like fatigue and weakness too.

Question 30

what is Reiter's disease/arthritis

Answer 30

this is an inflammatory arthritis that affects joints typically after an infection. This is also going to be asymmetric.

Question 31

prone with legs elevated 18 inches will drain the

Answer 31

lower lobes

Question 32

supine with legs elevated 12 inches will drain the

Answer 32

right middle lobe

Question 33

supine with legs elevated 18 inches will drain the

Answer 33

anterior segments

Question 34

sidling on the left with legs elevated 18 inches will drain the

Answer 34

right lateral segments

Question 35

a spodylolisthesis results in the forward displacement of a vertebrate upon the stationary vertebrate (above/below) it

Answer 35

below

Question 36

what does the speeds test look for

Answer 36

a SLAP tear, or dysfunction of the labrum. This is when the palm is up and the arm is raised against a force into shoulder flexion, resulting in a deep shoulder pain.

Question 37

when should AROM and isotonic strengthening of the RTC occur

Answer 37

6-8 weeks post op with a large tear.

Question 38

describe what an arterial ulcer might look like

Answer 38

dry, round/clear defined edges, deep, regularly shaped

Question 39

which can you use compression on; venous insufficiency or PAD

Answer 39

venous. PAD is contraindicated for a compression wrap

Question 40

if someone has a (+) Stemmer sign, can you do compression

Answer 40

yes, this is likely a lymphedema case and would benefit from such wrapping.

Question 41

what is a systemic literature review

Answer 41

looking at various literature sources and finding those with similar characteristics to form a general conclusion,

Question 42

are recliners or tilt in space better to reduce shear forces on ischial tuberosities if friction injuries are a concern

Answer 42

tilt is better. The recliners can result in friction when returning to an upright position.

Question 43

what happens with too much adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 43

Cushing's disease, which is characterized by HTN, metal changes, hair growth and weight gain

Question 44

what happens with too much thyroid stimulating hormone,

Answer 44

overactive thyroid which will cause an increase in body metabolism, thus creating increased tachy, fatigue, decreased weight, atrophy and heat intolerance

Question 45

what happens if there is too much insulin

Answer 45

hypoglycemic events in the blood that cause things like pallor, sweating, weakness, shaky, blurred vision

Question 46

what happens with too much epinephrine

Answer 46

fight or flight, increased sympathetic, increased BP and HR and hyperglycemia to run away quicker.

Question 47

for someone with a lateral ankle sprain, grade 2, when can you begin cycling and GN/soleus stretching

Answer 47

4-14 days in the subacute phase

Question 48

what should you do right away with a grade 2 lateral ankle sprain for ROM and pain modulation

Answer 48

posterior talo-crural joint mobs.

Question 49

describe what mobilization directions would need to be utilized for a limitation in all of the following hip movements IR, ER, AD, ADD

Answer 49

IR: posterior glide ER: anterior glide ABD: inferior glide ADD: superior glide.

Question 50

describe characteristics of clubfoot

Answer 50

the ankles are in equinus, the forefoot is in adduction and the hindfoot is in varus

Question 51

what is metatarsus adductus and how does it look

Answer 51

the forefoot is in varus and the hindfoot is in valgus

Question 52

what is calcaneovalgus

Answer 52

the forefoot is curved out laterally and the hindfoot is in valgus, this is usually when the foot is in extreme DF.

Question 53

below what range and over what range is it unsafe or advised against exercise for a patient with diabetes

Answer 53

below 100 or above 250.

Question 54

what is the best exercise prescription advice to give

Answer 54

be consistent and exercise at the same time each day.

Question 55

should diabetics exercise at peak insulin times

Answer 55

no they should not