Pectoral Region

Question 1

Pectoral region: name subcutaneous nerves

Answer 1

Supraclavicular
Pectoral
Intercostal

Question 2

Pectoral region: supravlavicular nerves

Answer 2

3 cutaneous nerves - common trunk from plexus = under SCM
Ventral rami of C3 + 4
Post. triangle, under platysma
Over clavicle
Supply skin over ICS 1 + 2
Medial, intermediate + lateral branches

Question 3

Pectoral region: pectoral nerves

Answer 3

Lateral = more med. - from lat. cord
Medial = more lat. - from med. cord

Question 4

Typical IC nerve: structure

Answer 4

Spinal cord
Dorsal + ventral roots
Spinal ganglion
Dorsal + ventral rami
Dorsal ramus = lat. + med. branches
Ventral ramus = lat. cutaneous + ant. cutaneous
Lat. = ant. + post.
Ant. = lat. + med.

Question 5

Important dermatomes

Answer 5

T2 = 2nd ICS
T4 = nipple
T6/7 = xiphoid prcoess
T10 = umbilicus

Question 6

Pectoral region: subcutaneous blood vessels

Answer 6

Thoraco-acromial a. - deltoid + pectoral br.
ITA - perforating br.
Cephalic v.

Question 7

Pectoral muscles: name

Answer 7

Pec. major
Pec. minor
Serratus ant.
Subclavius

Question 8

Pectoralis major: origin

Answer 8

Sternal end of clavicle
Sternum to 7th rib
Cartilages of true ribs
Aponeurosis of ext. obliques

Question 9

Pectoralis major: insertion

Answer 9

Lat. lip of intertubercular sulcus (humerus)

Question 10

Pectoralis major: innervation

Answer 10

Med. + lat. pectoral nerve

Question 11

Pectoralis major: function

Answer 11

Flex, adduct + medially rotate arm

Question 12

Pectoralis minor: origin

Answer 12

Outer surface of upper margin of ribs 3-5

Question 13

Pectoralis minor: insertion

Answer 13

Coracoid process

Question 14

Pectoralis minor: innervation

Answer 14

Med. pectoral nerve

Question 15

Pectoralis minor: function

Answer 15

Lower lat. angle + protract scapula

Question 16

Serratus anterior: origin

Answer 16

Lat. surface of upper 8/9 ribs

Question 17

Serratus anterior: insertion

Answer 17

Costal surface of medial border of scapula

Question 18

Serratus anterior: function

Answer 18

Protracts + rotates scapula

Holds it against thoracic wall

Question 19

Serratus anterior: innervation

Answer 19

Long thoracic nerve

Question 20

Subclavius muscle: function

Answer 20

Anchors + depresses clavicle

Question 21

Extrathoracic muscles: name

Answer 21

Serratus anterior
External oblique
Rectus abdominis

Question 22

External oblique muscles: origin

Answer 22

External surfaces of ribs 5-12

Question 23

External oblique muscles: insertion

Answer 23

Linea alba
Pubic tubercle
Ant. half iliac crest

Question 24

Rectus abdominis: origin

Answer 24

Pubic symphysis + pubic crest

Question 25

Rectus abdominis: insertion

Answer 25

Xiphoid process | Cartilages 5-7

Question 26

Primary inspiratory muscles

Answer 26

Rest + deep | Diaphragm + IC muscles

Question 27

Secondary inspiratory muscles

Answer 27

Deep Neck = SCM + scalenus Thorax = pec. major, minor + serratus ant. Back = latissiumus dorsi

Question 28

Primary expiratory muscles

Answer 28

None | Passive

Question 29

Secondary expiratory muscles

Answer 29

Forced Thorax = thoracicus transversus Abdomen = rectus abdominis + obliques

Question 30

Clavipectoral fascia: penetrating structures

Answer 30

Cephalic v. Thoraco-acromial a. Lat. pectoral n. Lymph vessels

Question 31

Clavipectoral fascia: arrangement

Answer 31

``` Deep to pec. major From clavicle Encloses subclavius Single Pec. minor Unites Suspensory ligament of axilla Floor of axilla 1st-2nd cartilages to med. aspect of coracoid process = costocaracoid membrane ```

Question 32

Mammary gland: surface anatomy

Answer 32

``` Vert. = 2nd-6th ribs Horz. = parasternal border to MAL Covers pec. major + serratus ant. Inferomedial quadrant = ext. oblique Nipple varies, usually 4th ICS ```

Question 33

Mammary gland: structure

Answer 33

15-20 lobules = lactiferous ducts + sinuses Retinacula cutis = suspensory ligaments - skin to deep fascia Fat between tissue Areola + nipple = involuntary m. + lymphatics - opening of ducts Axillary tail = upwards + laterally to 3rd rib in axilla - enters in deep fascia

Question 34

Mammary gland: blood supply

Answer 34

Laterally: * axillary artery * superior, lateral, thoraco-acromial + subscapular Medially: * ITA * 2nd-4th IC a.

Question 35

Mammary gland: venous drainage

Answer 35

Axillary IT v. IC v.

Question 36

Mammary gland: lymphatic drainage

Answer 36

Lat. + sup. = axillary nodes Med. = parasternal nodes Inf. = into abdomen