Pectoral Region and Breast Flashcards Preview

Skin/Musculoskeletal: Anatomy/Dissection > Pectoral Region and Breast > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pectoral Region and Breast Deck (40)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the 3 section sof the sternum?

A

the manubrium

the body

the xiphoid process

2
Q

What joins the manubrium tot he body of the sternum?

What joins the body to the xiphid process?

What kinds of joints are these?

A

the sternal angle = manubriosternal joint

at the 2nd rib!

the body is joined to the xiphoid by the xiphisternal joint

both are fibrous joints

3
Q

What forms the costal margin?

A

It’s the inferior surface of the rib cage and it’s formed by the cartilginous components of ribs 7-10

4
Q

THe head of the humerus articulates with the scapula in the what?

A

glenoid fossa

5
Q

What subscapular fossa is occupied by which muscle?

A

the subscapularis muscle, which is one of the rotator cuff muscles

6
Q

What three muscles attach to the coracoid process?

A

the pectoralis minor

the coracobrachialis

short head of the biceps brachii

7
Q

What does the supraglenoid tuberce serve as the attachment sit for?

What does the infraglenoic tubercle serve as the attachment site for?

A

the long head of the biceps brachii.

the long head of the triceps brachii

8
Q

What’ type of joint was originally at the anatomical neck of the humerus?

A

an epiphyseal growth plate

9
Q

The greater tubercle of the humerus serves as the site of attachment for which 3 muscles?

What about the lesser tubercle?

A

the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles of the roator cuff

the lesser tubercle is the attachment site for the subscapular muscle of the rotator cuff

10
Q

What does the intertubercular groove hold?

A

the tendon of the lon ghead of the bicep brachii that was attached proxoimally to the supraglenoid tubercle.

11
Q

THe nipple lies approximately over what intercostal space?

A

the 4th intercostal space

12
Q

What spinal nerve supplies the nipple?

A

T4

13
Q

What glands does the aerola contain?

A

areolar gland,s which are sebaceous glands

14
Q

The mamary glands extend from where to where?

A

from the body of the sternum to the axilla, with the portion of the gland extending to the xilla forming the axillary tail

15
Q

A supernumerary nipple would be along what line?

A

the milk line

16
Q

Where does the mammary gland sit in the breast? What does it consist of?

A

It is located in the superficial fascia and consists of 15 to 20 lobes separated by dense connective tissue.

17
Q

What is the secretory component of the mammary gland?

A

alveoli - which make up the lobules within the lobes

18
Q

What connects the alveoli secretory units to the nipples?

A

the lactiferous ducts

19
Q

What does the dense connective tissue in the breast form?

A

the suspensory ligaments of Cooper that attach tot he deep layer of the superficial fascia

20
Q

Where will milk be held just prior to emulsion?

A

the lactiferous sinses - just prior to the nipple

21
Q

How does breast tissue change in pregnancy?

A

Pre-pregnancy, the tissue has lots of fat tissue and several lobules surrounded by loose connective tissue. Secretory units are not present.

During pregnancy, the lobules are now composed primarily of secretory units. There is very little fatty tissue left.

22
Q

What three major arteries derive the blood supply of the breast?

A

lateral thoracic artery (off of the axillary)

the intercostal ateries

internal thoracic artery (off the subclavian)

23
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast.

A
  1. much of the drainage form the deeper ragion flows to the areolar area first - to the subareaolar plexus of lymphatic vessels and then drains to pectoral axillary nodes
  2. from medial side = parasternal nodes on the ipsilateral side (but can also cross over to the contralteral parasternal nodes and other breast)
  3. Lower parts = flows to the subdiaphragmatic abdonimal nodes
  4. superiorly = lymph flows to the apical axillary nodes
24
Q

What four quadrants do we divide the breast into?

A

the superior lateral

superior medial

inferior lateral

inferior medial

25
Q

What vein starts in the hand and passes rostrally on the lateral side of the forearm and arm?

A

the cephalic vein

26
Q

What 2 muscles does the cephalic vein pass through over the superior lateral arm?

What area does it pass thorugh to connect to the axillary vein?

A

It will pass between the deltoid and pectoralis major

it then passes through the deltopectoral triangle to connect with the axillary vein

27
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle take origin? Where does it attach?

A

origin from the spine of the scapula, acromiona nd lateral 3rd of the clavicle

attaches to the deltoid tubercle on the lateral side of the humerus

28
Q

Where does the pectoralis major take origin? Where does it insert?

A

It takes origin from the medial two thirds of the clavicle, the sternum, and the anterior surface of the ribs

inserts on the humerus lateral to the intertubular sulcus

29
Q

What is the pectoralis major innervated by?

A

the medial and lateral pectoral nerves

30
Q

What artery is usually in close association with the cephalic vein and originates from the underlying axillary artery? It is located just medial to the pectorali minor.

A

the thoracoacromial artery - it comes off the axillary at the thoracoacromial trunk.

31
Q

What pectoral nerve innervates both the major and minor pectoralis?

What pectoral nerve only innervates the major?

A

the medial innervates both

the lateral innervates the major only

32
Q

Where is the lateral pectoral nerve found? WHere does it originate from?

A

It’s found just medially to the pectoralis minor muscle

it originates from the lateral cord of the brachial nerve plexus

33
Q

Where is the medial pectoral nerve located?

A

It pierces through the pectoralis minor muscle and continues to the pectoralis major

it originals in the medial cord of the brachial nerve plexus

34
Q

What fascia encircles the pectoralis minor?

A

the clavipoectoral fascia - which extends from the clavicle to the axillary fascia

35
Q

the lower part of the clavipectoral fascia is referred to as what?

A

the suspensory ligament

36
Q

What defines the three anatomic parts of the axillary artery?

A

the pectoralis minor insertion to the coracoid process.

37
Q

What 2 major blood vessels branch off from the 2nd portion fo the axillary artery?

A

the thoracoacromial artery and the lateral thoracic artery

38
Q

What three ligaments support the sternoclavicular joint?

A

anterior sternoclavicular ligament

posterior sternoclavicular ligament

interclavicular ligament

39
Q

What makes the sternoclavicular joint unique?

A

an articular disc divides the joint into two cavities

40
Q
A