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SF1 2 > Pectoral Region/Axilla > Flashcards

Pectoral Region/Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

Bony eminences that are sites of tendon and ligament attachment (2)

A

tubercles and tuberosities

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2
Q

Depression that serves as a site of muscle attachment or articulation with another bone

A

Fossa

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3
Q

Bone of the arm

A

humerus

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4
Q

bones of the forearm

A

radius and ulna

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5
Q

which is medial, radius or ulna?

A

ulna

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6
Q

which is lateral, radius or ulna?

A

radius

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7
Q

Groups of bones in the hand (3)

A

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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8
Q

Rotation of radius and ulna resulting in palm of hand facing anteriorly

A

supination

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9
Q

Rotation of radius and ulna resulting in palm of hand facing posteriorly

A

pronation

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10
Q

Continuation of the subclavian artery (lateral to rib 1). Located in the armpit

A

axillary artery

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11
Q

Continuation of the axillary artery in the arm. Terminates into the radial and ulnar arteries below the elbow

A

brachial artery

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12
Q

Medial artery of the forearm. Courses into the palm of the hand to mostly form the superficial palmar arch.

A

ulnar artery

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13
Q

Lateral artery of the forearm. Courses onto the dorsum of the hand and then passes into the palm of the hand to mostly for the deep palmar arch

A

radial artery

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14
Q

Arteries in the palm of the hand (2)

A
  1. superficial palmar arch

2. deep palmar arch

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15
Q

Anastomoses of branches of the ulnar and radial arteries

A

superficial and deep palmar arches

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16
Q

Origin of distal drainage in the upper limb

A

dorsal venous arch

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17
Q

Begins on the lateral side of dorsal venous arch. Ascends on anterolateral forearm and arm. Passes into the deltopectoral triangle and terminates in the axillary vein in axilla

A

cephalic vein

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18
Q

Begins on medial side of dorsal venous arch. Ascends in superficial fascia on anteromedial side of forearm and lower half of medial arm. Pierces deep fascia in upper half of arm. Continues into the axilla as the axillary vein

A

basilic vein

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19
Q

Receives the companion veins of the brachial artery

A

basilic vein

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20
Q

Forms a communication between the basilic and cephalic veins in the anterior region of the elbow (cubital fossa). Marked variation between patients

A

median cubital vein

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21
Q

Continuation of the basilic vein in the axilla. Receives the cephalic vein

A

axillary vein

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22
Q

Continuation of the axillary vein in the neck

A

subclavian vein

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23
Q

Originate from the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1

A

brachial plexus

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24
Q

Terminal branches of the brachial plexus (5)

A
  1. musculocutaneous nerve
  2. median nerve
  3. ulnar nerve
  4. radial nerve
  5. axillary nerve
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25
Q

Innervates muscles of anterior compartment of arm (biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles)

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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26
Q

Innervates most muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm and a few intrinsic muscles of thumb (thenar muscles) and lateral two lumbrical of the hand.

A

median nerve

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27
Q

Innervates 1.5 medial muscles of anterior compartment of forearm and most intrinsic muscles of the palm of the hand (except those innervated by median nerve)

A

ulnar nerve

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28
Q

Innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm

A

radial nerve

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29
Q

innervates deltoid muscle

A

axillary nerve

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30
Q

Innervation of the upper lateral arm and shoulder dermatome

A

C5

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31
Q

Spinal innervation of the thumb dermatome

A

C6

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32
Q

Spinal innervation of the middle fingers dermatome

A

C7

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33
Q

Spinal innervation of the little finger dermatome

A

C8

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34
Q

Spinal innervation of the medial arm dermatome

A

T1

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35
Q

Sensory nerve innervation of skin of lateral side of forearm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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36
Q

Sensory nerve innervation of skin of palmar side of lateral 3.5 digits, nail beds of lateral 3.5 digits, and lateral 2/3 of palm of hand

A

median nerve

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37
Q

Sensory nerve innervation of skin of medial 1.5 digits (palmar and dorsal sides) and medial 1/3 of palm of hand

A

ulnar nerve

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38
Q

Sensory nerve innervation of skin of posterior lateral arm, posterior side of forearm, dorsolateral side of hand and dorsal side of proximal parts of lateral 3.5 fingers

A

radial nerve

39
Q

Sensory nerve innervation of medial upper arm and axilla. Branch of spinal nerve T2 and NOT A BRANCH OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

intercostobrachial nerve

40
Q

Sensory nerve innervation of skin of upper lateral arm

A

axillary nerve

41
Q

The mammary gland is a modified…

A

sweat gland

42
Q

Location of mammary gland

A

superficial fascia

43
Q

Axillary tail of mammary gland

A

Tail of spence. Reaches into the armpit actually, fun fact

44
Q

Acts as walls to separate breast into 15-20 lobes (compartments)

A

Suspensory ligaments or Cooper’s ligaments

45
Q

Each breast lobe contains milk glands that drain via _____ _____ to nipple

A

lactiferous duct

46
Q

Carcinoma of the breast creates tension on these ligaments, causing pitting of the skin

A

Suspensory ligaments or Cooper’s ligaments

47
Q

Contains a layer of loose connective tissue separating the breast from the deep fascia. Potential space that allows for some movement of breast over underlying structures

A

Retromammary space

48
Q

Arteries supplying blood to the mammary gland (3)

A

1) internal thoracic artery (from subclavian)
2) pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery (from axillary)
3) lateral thoracic artery (from axillary)

49
Q

75% of lymphatic drainage of the mammary gland drains into…

A

anterior axillary nodes

50
Q

Remaining lymph from mammary gland (besides what goes to the axillary nodes) drains…

A

parasternal nodes (deep to the anterior thoracic wall and associated with the internal thoracic artery)

51
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major (2)

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

52
Q

Heads of the pectoralis major (2)

A

1) sternocostal head

2) clavicular head

53
Q

Which nerves and vessels, respectively, pass deep to the pectoralis minor?

A

brachial plexus; axillary vessels

54
Q

Stabilizes the scapula and assists in elevating ribs for inspiration

A

pectoralis minor

55
Q

Innervation of the pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve (from brachial plexus)

56
Q

The nerve to the subclavius muscle comes from what

A

brachial plexus

57
Q

Action of the subclavius

A

depresses and anchors the clavic

58
Q

Location of the serratus anterior

A

lateral side of the thoracic wall

59
Q

Actions of the serratus anterior (3)

A

1) protracts scapula
2) anchors scapula against thoracic wall
3) rotates scapula

60
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve (from anterior ramus of C5, C6, C7)

61
Q

Fascia of pectoral region (2)

A

pectoral and clavipectoral fascia

62
Q

Fascia covering pectoralis major

A

pectoral fascia

63
Q

Continuous layer of deep fascia that encloses the pectoralis minor and subclavius. Protects the underlying neurovascular structures that supply upper limb

A

clavipectoral fascia

64
Q

Structures which pierce the clavipectoral fascia (3)

A

1) cephalic vein
2) pectoral branch of thoracromial artery
3) lateral pectoral nerve

65
Q

Triangular depression inferior to the lateral part of the clavic

A

Clavipectoral (or deltopectoral) triange

66
Q

Borders of the clavipectoral triangle (superior, lateral, medial)

A

Superior - Clavicle
Lateral - Deltoid
Medial - Pectoralis major

67
Q

Contents of the clavipectoral triangle (2)

A

1) cephalic vein (superficial)

2) Tip of coracoid process (deep; can palpate)

68
Q

Constituents of anterior wall of axilla

A

pectoralis major (and minor muscles)

69
Q

Constituents of posterior wall of axilla (4)

A

1) scapula
2) subscapularis
3) latissimus dorsi
4) teres major

70
Q

Constituents of medial wall of axilla (3)

A

1) upper 4-5 ribs
2) intercostal muscles between ribs
3) serratus anterior

71
Q

Constituents of lateral wall of axilla

A

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (aka bicipital groove)

72
Q

Communicates with medial cutaneous nerve of the arm in the axilla and supplies skin on the upper posteromedial side of the arm which is part of the T2 dermatome. Only major structure that passes directly through the medial wall and into the axilla.

A

intercostobrachial nerve

73
Q

Lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve (anterior ramus of T2)

A

intercostobrachial nerve

74
Q

Formed by fascia and a dome of skin that spans the distance between the inferior margins of the wall. Supported by he clavipectoral fascia called the suspensory ligament of axilla

A

floor of the axilla

75
Q

Neurovascular bundle in the axilla is enveloped y a sheath of connective tissue. What’s it called

A

axillary sheath

76
Q

How is an axillary nerve block performed?

A

injecting anesthetic underneath the axillary sheath

77
Q

Continuation of subclavian artery. Begins at the lateral margin of the 1st rib and passes through the axilla becoming the brachial artery at the inferior margin of the teres major muscle. Divided into 3 parts by overlying pectoralis minor muscle.

A

Axillary artery

78
Q

Mnemonic for branches of the axillary artery

A

S-T-L-S-A-P

79
Q

Arteries in Part 1 of branches of the axillary artery (1)

A

superior thoracic artery

80
Q

Arteries in Part 2 of branches of the axillary artery (2)

A

1) thoracoacormial artery

2) lateral thoracic artery

81
Q

Arteries in Part 3 of branches of the axillary artery (3)

A

1) subscapular artery
2) anterior circumflex humeral artery
3) posterior circumflex artery

82
Q

Small and originates from the anterior surface of the first part of the axillary artery

A

superior thoracic artery

83
Q

Short and originates from anterior surface of 2nd part of axillary artery just posterior to the medial (superior) margin of pectoralis major

A

thoracoacromial artery

84
Q

Four branches of the thoracoacromial artery (which supply the anterior axillary wall and related regions)

A

pectoral, deltoid, clavicular, and acromial branches

85
Q

Arises from anterior surface of 2nd part of axillary artery posterior to lateral (inferior) margin of pec minor

A

lateral thoracic artery

86
Q

Originates from the posterior surface of the third part of the axillary artery, follows the inferior margin of the subscapularis muscle for a short distance, and then divides into its two terminal branches (the circumflex scapular artery and the thoracodorsal artery)

A

Subscapular artery (largest branch of axillary artery)

87
Q

Very small artery. Winds anteriorly around surgical neck of humerus. Passes anterior to surgical neck of humerus and anastomoses with posterior circumflex humeral artery.

A

Anterior circumflex humeral artery

88
Q

Runs posteriorly with the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space. Winds posteriorly around surgical neck of humerus. Anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral artery.

A

posterior circumflex artery

89
Q

Located medial to its “partner” artery. Begins as a continuation of the basilic vein from the arm.

A

axillary vein

90
Q

Receive lymph from the upper limb and breast; located in the connective tissue.

A

axillary lymph nodes

91
Q

The axillary lymph nodes drain into the ______ lymph trunks, which drain into the ____ _____ duct and _____ duct

A

subclavian; right lymphatic; thoracic

92
Q

Axillary lymph nodes (6)

A

1) humeral nodes
2) subscapular (posterior) nodes
3) pectoral (anterior) nodes
4) central (located in center of axilla) nodes
5) apical (in apex of axilla) nodes
6) supraclavicular (above clavicle) nodes

93
Q

Received lymph from apical nodes and drain into the subclavian lymph trunk

A

supraclavicular nodes

SF1 2 (11 decks)

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