Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy 2 > Pectoral Region, Shoulder > Flashcards

Pectoral Region, Shoulder Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Somite

A
  • originate during 3rd week of embryogenesis
  • day 20 = mesoderm differentiates
  • after day 20 = differentiates into 44 pairs of somites (change into 31 sets of spinal nerves)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Somite Subdivisions

A
  • sclerotome = bone and cartilage
  • syndetome = (from sclerotome) tendon and ligament
  • dermomyotome = dermatome and myotome (segmental innervation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Formation of Limb Buds

A
  • 4th week of development = upper limb buds appear as elevations of C5-T1
  • cranial to caudal
  • about a week later = lower limb buds appear as L2-S2 segments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Progression of Limb Buds

A
  • distal limb buds flatten (palms/soles anterior + thumb/great toe cranial)
  • flexures: limbs bend anteriorly, elbow/knee are directed laterally, palm/sole directed toward trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Torsion of Limb Buds

A
  • end of 7th week
  • proximal parts of upper and lower limbs undergo a 90 degree torsion in opposite directions
  • elbow = caudal; knee = cranial
  • in lower limb, permanent pronation (twisting) of leg so foot becomes oriented w/ great toe on medial side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formation of Digits

A
  • mesenchyme condenses into plates, forming cartilaginous models of future digital bones
  • interdigital spaces sculpted by cellular apoptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Syndactyly

A

fusion of 2 or more digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polydactyly

A

extra digits, typically occurs bilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Macrodactyly

A

enlarged digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adactyly

A

absence of digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ectrodactyly

A

“lobster-claw deformity”, typically missing middle digit, typically occurs unilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amelia

A

complete absence of one or more extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meromelia

A

partial absence of one or more extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phocomelia

A

shortened lower extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Radial Longitudinal Deficiency

A

radius is shortened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Synovial Joint

A
  • distal ends of two bones articulate
  • articular cartilalge
  • capsule made of outer fibrous and inner synovial membrane
  • fluid-filled … synovial fluid (lubrication)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functional Joint

A
  • no joint cavity
  • held together by soft tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Joints of UE

A
  • glenohumeral (GH)
  • acromioclavicular (AC)
  • sternoclavicular (SC)
  • scapulothroacic (ST) = functional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 3 muscles attach to the coracoid process?

A

coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii, pectoralis minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What travels through the radial groove?

Study These Flashcards
A

radial nerve, deep profunda brachial artery

21
Q

Triarticulate

Study These Flashcards
A

works across 3 joints
ex: triceps brachii (long head), biceps brachii

22
Q

ABCS

Study These Flashcards
A

aorta > brachiocephalic trunk > common carotid artery > subclavian artery

23
Q

UE Vasculature

Study These Flashcards
A
  • subclavian a. > (1st rib) axillary a. > (teres major) brachial a.
  • branches = suprascapular a., circumflex humeral a. (posterior + anterior), subscapular a., profunda brachii a.
24
Q

Arterial Anastomoses

Study These Flashcards
A
  • all of the arteries are interconnected around the scapula
  • can sprout new connections w/ each other that will bypass any blockages/occlusions
25
Shoulder Flexion
- prime movers = anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis - secondary = pectoralis major (clavicular head), biceps brachii (long head)
26
Shoulder Extension
- prime movers = latissimus dorsi, teres major, posterior deltoid - secondary = pectoralis major (sternal head), triceps brachii (long head)
27
Shoulder Abduction
middle deltoid, supraspinatus
28
Shoulder Adduction
latissimus dorsi, teres major, coracobrachialis, triceps brachii (long head)
29
Shoulder External Rotation
- prime movers = infraspinatus, teres minor - secondary = posterior deltoid
30
Shoulder Internal Rotation
- prime movers = subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major - secondary = anterior deltoid
31
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction
posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major
32
Shoulder Horizontal Adduction
- prime movers = pectoralis major - secondary = anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis
33
Common Order of RC Tendon Injury
SITS supraspinatus > infraspinatus > teres minor > subscapularis
34
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment
- nerve travels through suprascapular notch - thickened (superior transverse scapular) ligament can compress nerve - muscles are weakened and can experience atrophy (supraspinatus, infraspinatus)
35
3 Types of Acromion
type I = flat type II = curved type III = hooked
36
Types of Rotator Cuff Tears (RCT)
- articular side = under-side, partial - bursal side = top-side, partial - full thickness = all the way through the tendon
37
Glenoid Labrum
- fibrocartilaginous "O" ring - deepens shallow socket - connected to long head of biceps brachii
38
SLAP Injury
- superior labrum anterior posterior - "peel-back" ... tendon of LHB pulls labrum off bone
39
Scapulohumeral Rhythm (SHR)
coordinated movement b/w ST joint and GH joint during arm elevation - ST = upward rotation, protraction, posterior tilt - GH = external rotation - clavicle = elevation, rotation backwards
40
SHR
- total GH abduction = 180 degrees - 2:1 ratio GHJ to STJ - early phase = initial 30, little to no ST motion - mid phase = 30 to 120, more 1:1 - late phase = 120 to 180, 2-3:1
41
GHJ Ligaments
- coracohumeral = greatest stiffness - superior GHL = limits inferior translation + ER - middle GHL = limits anterior translation - inferior GHL = "hammock" - tightest at 90/90
42
Shoulder Instability
- GH capsule is stretched out - "born loose" = bilateral - "torn loose" = unilateral
43
Bursa
- synovial membrane protrudes through aperture in fibrous membrane - b/w tendons and fibrous membrane - subdeltoid (subacromial), subscapular
44
Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint
- synovial saddle type - head of clavicle articulates w/ clavicular notch - fibrocartilage articular disc - 3 degrees of freedom = elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, posterior/anterior rotation
45
SCJ Ligaments
- anterior + posterior SC ligament = limits excessive A/P motion - costoclavicular ligament = limits clavicular elevation and superior glide - interclavicular ligament = limits excessive depression/downward glide
46
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
- synovial plane - 3 degrees of freedom - weak joint capsule - acromion is slightly inferior to distal clavicle
47
Coracoid Ligaments
- coracoacromial ligament = roof of subacromial space - acromioclavicular ligament = stabilizes ACJ - coracoclavicular (trapezoid) ligament = most lateral; guides clavicle during rotation - coracoclavicular (conoid) ligament = triangular; prevents vertical displacement
48
Dislocation of ACJ
- "separated shoulder" = acromioclavicular ligament only - "paino key" = both AC and two CC ligaments rupture

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions