Pectoral region & Shoulder

Question 1

Sternoclavicular joint(articular components and joint type)

Answer 1

Sternal ends of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum

Joint type: Modifies saddle type synovial joint

Question 2

Sternoclavicular joint (associated structures and movement)

Answer 2

Fibrocartilage disc
Movement:elevation/depression
protraction/retraction

Question 3

Acromioclavicular joint (articular components and joint type)

Answer 3

Acromial end of the clavicle and acromion process of scapula

Joint type: Plane type synovial joint

Question 4

Acromioclavicular joint (associated structures and movement)

Answer 4

Fibrocartilage disc

Movement: gliding between clavicle

Question 5

Glenohumeral joint (articular components and joint type)

Answer 5

Humeral head and glenoid fossa

Joint type: ball and socket synovial

Question 6

Glenohumeral joint(movement and features)

Answer 6

Felxion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal and external rotation
Glenoid fossa is 1/3 the size of the humeral head
Both non-contractile and contractile structures enhance stability

Question 7

what are the non-contractile structures of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 7

• coracoacromial ligament
• glenohumeral ligaments
• glenoid labrum

Question 8

what are the contractile structures of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 8

muscles of the rotator cuff

Question 9

What is the coracoacromial arch formed by?

Answer 9

smooth inferior aspect of the acromion and the coracoid processof the scapula with the corcoacromial ligament

Question 10

What is the function of the coracoacromial arch/ligament?

Answer 10

To prevent superior humeral displacement from the glenoid cavity

Question 11

Glenoid labrum

Answer 11

Fibrocartilaginous ring
attaches to the margins of the glenoid fossa
deepens the cavity

Question 12

scapulothoracic joint(definition)

Answer 12

The physiological joint between the scapula and the thoracic wall

Question 13

what movements happen at the scapulothoracic joint?

Answer 13

Elevation/depression

rotation, protraction/retraction

Question 14

What happens in shoulder abduction that allows it to work properly?

Answer 14

During full abduction of the arm we have to laterally rotate our humerus to move the greater tuberosity out of the way

Question 15

scapulohumeral rhythum

Answer 15

The glenohumeral joint doesn’t account for all the movement of the humerus.
So from 0-30 degrees it is solely the glenohumeral joint
from 30-180 the scapula moves to givei ti more motion at a 2:1 Glenohumeral/scapulothoracic movement

Question 16

Trapezius muscle(attachments)

Answer 16

Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, spinous process of C7-T12
-scapula spine, acromion, lateral 1/3 clavicle

Question 17

Trapezius muscle(action)

Answer 17

Upper: elevates and upwardly rotates scapula

middle: adducts scapula
lower: depresses and upwardly rotates scapula

Question 18

Trapezius muscle(innervation)

Answer 18

CN XI, C3, C4

Question 19

latissimus dorsi muscle(attachments)

Answer 19

spinous process T7-T12, iliac crest, ribs 9-12

Question 20

latissimus dorsi muscle (action)

Answer 20

Shoulder extension, adduction and internal rotation

Question 21

latissimus dorsi(innervation)

Answer 21

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 22

Levator scapulae muscle(attachments)

Answer 22

transverse process of C1-C4

superior border of scapula

Question 23

levator scapulae muscle(action)

Answer 23

elevates and downwardly rotates scapula

Question 24

levator scapulae (innervation)

Answer 24

dorsal scapular nerve(C5)

Question 25

rhomboid minor (attachments)

Answer 25

Spinous process C7-T1 | medial scapular border at the level of root of the scapular spine

Question 26

Rhomboid major(attachments)

Answer 26

spinous process T2-T5 | medial scapular border from the level of spine to inferior angle

Question 27

Rhomboid major and minor (action)

Answer 27

adducts/retracts and downwardly rotates scapula

Question 28

Rhomboid major and minor (innervation)

Answer 28

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 29

Pectoralis major(attachment)

Answer 29

CLavucular head: medial half of the clavicle sternocostal head: anterior sternum, upper six costal cartilages intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 30

Pectoralis major (action)

Answer 30

adducts and medially rotates humerus

Question 31

Pectoralis major(innervation)

Answer 31

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Question 32

Pectoralis minor(attachment,action and innervation)

Answer 32

Ribs 3-5 corocoid process of the scapula Action: stabilizes scapula innervation: medial pectoral nerve

Question 33

Serratus anterior(attachment)

Answer 33

external surface of lateral parts of ribs 1-8 | anterior surface of medial border of the scapula

Question 34

Serratus anterior (action)

Answer 34

protracts & upwardly rotates the scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall

Question 35

serratus anterior( innervation)

Answer 35

Long thoracic nerve

Question 36

Subclavius(attachment)

Answer 36

junction of first rib and costal cartilage | inferior surface of medal third of clavicle

Question 37

subclavius(action)

Answer 37

anchors and depresses clavicle

Question 38

subclavius(innervation)

Answer 38

nerve to subclavius

Question 39

coracobrachialis(attachment)

Answer 39

tip of coracoid process | medial, middle 1/3 of humerus

Question 40

coracobrachialis (action and innervation)

Answer 40

flex and adducts shoulder | -musculocutaneous nerve

Question 41

Deltoid muscle (attachment)

Answer 41

Scapula spine, acromion, lateral 1/3 clavicle | deltoid tuberosity of humerous

Question 42

deltoid muscle ( action)

Answer 42

Anterior: shoulder flexion middle: should abduction posterior: shoulder extension

Question 43

deltoid muscle (innervation)

Answer 43

axillary nerve

Question 44

teres major muscle(attachment)

Answer 44

inferior lateral aspect of posterior surface of scapula | medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 45

teres major muscle(action)

Answer 45

shoulder medial/internal rotation

Question 46

teres major muscle(innervation)

Answer 46

lower subscapular nerve

Question 47

List the rotator cuff muscles.

Answer 47

Supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis

Question 48

Supraspinatus muscle attachments

Answer 48

Supraspinous fossa | greater tubercle

Question 49

infraspinatus muscle attachments

Answer 49

infraspinous fossa | greater tubercle

Question 50

Teres minor muscle attachments

Answer 50

middle part of the lateral border of scapula | greater tubercle

Question 51

subscapularis muscle attachments

Answer 51

subscapular fossa | lesser tubercle

Question 52

Suprapinatus (action and innervation)

Answer 52

Shoulder abduction | suprascapular nerve

Question 53

infraspinatus (action and innervation)

Answer 53

shoulder lateral/ external rotation

Question 54

Teres minor (action and innervation)

Answer 54

Shoulder lateral/external rotation | axillary nerve

Question 55

Subscapularis (action and innervation)

Answer 55

shoulder medial/internal rotation | upper subscapular nerve and lower subscapular nerve

Question 56

what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space

Answer 56

Superior: Teres minor inferior: teres major medial: long head of triceps brachii lateral: surgical neck of humerus

Question 57

What structures go through the quadrangular space?

Answer 57

Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex