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ANCC Review > Ped's things > Flashcards

Ped's things Flashcards

1
Q

Rubeola:

  1. Also known as?
  2. What presents?
  3. How can we prevent?
A
  1. Measles or Koplic spots
    (rubeoLa-measLes-kopLickspots)
  2. “3 C’s”
    -cough (coryza)
    -conjunctivitis
    -congestion
    -rash
  3. MMR Vaccine
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2
Q

Rubella

A

“3-day measles”

(decrease in severity, increase in contagion)

-pregnant women at risk
-adenopathy
-pink rash
-very contagious

+ Rubella titer= pt is immune

“RUB my BELLa- ive been rubbing your belly for 3 days- your skin is pink now. I’m positive i want to stop an do on the TITER totter”

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3
Q

Roseola

A

Sixth Disease
-rash after fever
-rose colored, BLANCHable papules
-no longer contagious when the rash appears

“6-pink-ROSEs for BLANCH- im good just getting red”

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4
Q

Erythema Infectiosum

A

Fifths disease
-“slap-cheek” , lacy/net-like rash
-from the Parvovirus B19
-pregnant women usually okay
-Draw tider from exposed mom

“oh so..infectioso (with her 5 fingered lacy gloves), dont want that parvo! SLAP, so go away”

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5
Q

Hand, foot, & mouth disease

A

-Coxsacki virus
-rash/ulcers start in mouth
-spreads to hands and feet
-vesicle formation/peeling

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6
Q

Common causes of death:
Infants?
Age 1-4?
Older children?

A

Infants- congenital malformations

Age 1-4- Drowning

Older children- MVA’s

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7
Q

newborn wt:
back to birthweight by_
Double birthweight by_
tripple birthweight by_

A

2 wks

6 months

12 months

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8
Q

Precocious puberty_

Delayed puberty_

A

Precocious puberty
males < 9
females < 8

Delayed puberty_
no 2ndary sex characteristcs by age:
-14 in males
-13 in females

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9
Q

live vaccines at age

A

12 months

-varicella
-MMR

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10
Q

DTAP vs TDAP

what component causes fever?

age to get DTAP?

age to get TDAP?

A

Pertussis component causes fever

age to get DTAP? <7 yrs

age to get TDAP? >7 yrs

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11
Q

HVP:

age of administration and why?

protects against strains_

A

9-11 years old

-we want to give before sexually active

protects against strains: 16 and 18

(6 and 11 –> genital warts)

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12
Q

What will you do if you have an older child with an unclear vaccination status?

which vaccine prevents Epiglottitis in children?

A

Its Time for Many Happy Happy Vaccines

IPV
Tdap
MMR
Hep B
Hib
Varicella

-Hib (prevents Epiglottitis in children)

-consider age; are they eligible for HPV or meningitis?
(both 11-12 yrs)

The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat.

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13
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Cradle Cap
-dead skin cells
-soften w/oil or shampoo
-resolve in a few months

“SEBORdinate to let your babies DERMis get that way!”

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14
Q

Hemangioma

A

-bright red spot on skin at birth
-flat or raised
-may grow initially

tx: resolves by age 4

only refer if- ulcerations or vision changes (close to eye)

“HE-MAN woman haters –> Spanky slaps forehead –> redspot

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15
Q

Slate Grey Nevus (congenital Melanocytosis)

A

-blue/grey birthmark
-Lumbosacral area
-self resolve or fade
-dont mistake for bruises
-asian decent

“sitting on a SLATE- bum turns blue grey”

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16
Q

Jaundice

A

-yellowing skin
-Bilirubin build-up
-initiate phototherapy when bilirubin is >15

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17
Q

Varicella SS/TX

A

chicken pox
-pruritic vesicles in various stages of healing

**contagious until all lesions have crusted over

tx:
Calamine lotion, oatmeal baths

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18
Q

Kawasaki disease

presentation:

tx:

A

considered a vasculitis
-fever > 5 days
-peeling rash over whole body
-“strawberry tongue”
-swelling hands/feet

Can lead to:
-inflammation in heart
(leading cause of acquired heart disease in children)

ASAP TX:
-Aspirin
-IVIG (immunoglobulin therapy)

“this Asian guy who was trying to turn kids tongue into things- ends up giving them HF instead”

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19
Q

Scarlatina

A

Scarlet Fever
-complication of STREP throat

SS:
-“sandpaper” maculopapular rash
-sore throat/straberry(scarlet) tongue

TX: treat the origin (Strep)
-Amoxicillin

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20
Q

Strep Throat vs. Mono

SS / TX

what if a patient has both strep throat and mono?

A

Strep ss:
-group A strep
-tonsillar exudates
-Palatal petechiae

Mono SS:
-Epstein-Barr Virus
-Enlarged Spleen
-fatigue
___________________________

Strep Tx:
antibiotics (amoxicillin)

Mono Tx:
treat symptoms

___________________________

both strep throat and mono:
DONT give any “-cillins”
-these can cause a morbiform rash (only Penicillin VK is ok)

better options=
-macrolides
-cephalosporins

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21
Q

Strabismus

A

Cross-eye

-normal until 4-6 mo
-common cause of amblyopia
-not corrected = blurry/double vision

22
Q

Dacryosenosis

A

“DA baby- cant- el-CRYO”

-blocked/clogged tear duct
-warm compress
-the eye itself is CLEAR (vs in conjunctivitis- its red)

23
Q

Acute Otitis Media

typically preceded by:

s/s:

commonly caused by which bacteria?

A

typically preceded by:
-post upper respiratory infection

s/s:
-tugging ear
-bulging, erythmetous, tympanic membrane

TX:
watch 2-3 days
worse?
-amoxicillin

commonly caused by which bacteria?
Strep Pneumoniae

24
Q

Otitis Externa

commonly caused by which bacteria?

A

Swimmers ear

-red swollen outer ear
-pain with TRAGUS movement
-oderous discharge

TX:
-ofloxacin (antibiotic) drops
-Cortisporin (steroid) drops

commonly caused by which bacteria?
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

25
Coarctation of the Aorta
Congenital. Aorta too narrow. -decreased femoral pulse -BP at birth in lower and upper extremities: -- higher BP in upper, lower BP in lower (the blood cant travel effectively) TX: Refer trying to COARCe the blood to come through the narrow cannal
26
Genu Varum
Bowl legged -should go away by 2-3 yrs old'' Gen..U..AR....UM... walking weird
27
preterm babies catch up on milestones by
24 months
28
Leukocoria
white reflex in eye could be: -retinoblastoma -congenital cateracts
29
Anorexia
eating disorder that causes -bone loss -heart disease -dental erosion
30
Salter-Harris Fractures
Fractures that occur along the growth plate -may cause stunted growth "mike HARRISon - his injury stunted his growth"
31
Hydrocele
Abnormal accumulation of fluid around the testes -can occur before and right after birth -self resolvable water up to the testie celing
32
Cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells deep in the ear -"cauliflower like growth" -effects balance/hearing
33
Tempanic Membrane Rupture
typical pt HX: ear is hurting, hurting, hurting- then there is a sudden bloody discharge and relief -this will heal on its own
34
Vesicoureteral Reflex (VUR) when to refer dx tool?
Backflow of urin in ureter -stage/grade 1-5 -begin referring out at stage 3 -usually resolves on its own -DX: voiding cystogram.
35
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
-thin upper lip -smooth philtrum (the vertical groove between the base of the nose and the border of the upper lip) -low nasal bridge
36
Acne normal TX: What if their face is getting irritated?
-genetics and androgens 1. Benzoyl Peroxide 2. Topical Antibiotics 3. Oral Antibiotics What if their face is getting irritated? -- decrease frequency of regimen
37
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Anterior tibial tubercle pain/ bone growth -NSAIDS -ICE likely to outgrow once bones stop growing
38
Foreign Object
when to suspect a nasal foreign body vs. sinusitis; -drainage from ONE nare (nostril) only -foul smell -mouth breathing -mild swelling in face -sneezing
39
Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars
Keloid: Rubbery growth- extends past boarders of trauma
40
Pyloric Stenosis vs Intussusception
Pyloris Stenosis: -projectile vomiting -olive shaped mass "PYe full of olives...Bleh" TX: -US mass -Refer IntuSSusception -jelly-like stools -Sausage Shaped mass TX: -US mass -Refer ugh your breath is SUS! you have been eating sausage and jelly!
41
Acute Suppurative Otitis Media =
tympanic membrane rupture
42
Infants with congenital rubella often have _____ - - -
-cataracts -Sensorineural hearing loss -patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). ---PDA presents with a continuous machine-like murmur at the upper left sternal border. "public display of affection- im a freaking MACHINE" ---which can cause prolonged left to right shunting and congestive heart failure
43
Cystic Fibrosis when is this dx? how is ti dx? s/s? biggest goal?
when is this dx? <2 years old how is ti dx? -sweat chloride test -genetic testing s/s? -cough -wheezing -increased mucous -slowed growth -salty skin biggest goal? -to prevent infection (lifespan of 30 years)
44
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) s/s? tx? complications?
s/s? -fever -upper resp. symptoms (wheezing, rhinitis, cough, sneeze) tx? symptoms; antipyretics, fluids complications? -bronchitis -pneumonia
45
Croup s/s? tx? complications?
s/s? -barky cough -stridor ----> high pitched musical wheezing -fever tx? xray----> steeple sign -Dexamethasone (Deladron) complications? worsening stridor or severe dyspnea = ED
46
Pertussis s/s? contagion? tx? prevention?
AKA Whooping cough s/s? -dry-whooping cough -can cause vomiting contagion? -for 2 weeks after cough begins tx? -Azithromycin **antibiotics will NOT shorten length of s/s prevention? DTAP/TDAP (preggo's 3rd trimester)
47
Sickle Cell when is this dx? how is it dx? more common in: what happens in this type of anemia? how can this be prevented?
when is this dx? -newborn screening test how is it dx? -Hemoglobin Electrophoresis more common in: African Decent what happens in this type of anemia? -abnormal shaped Hemoglobin -sickle cell Crisis----> due to dehydration/ illness causes intense pain ---- send to hospital for IV pain/hydration how can this be prevented? avoid high atmosphere pressures avoid extreme weather stay hydrated take multiple breaks
48
Thalassemia this is: dx: commonly seen in: complicaitons:
this is: Genetically inherited ANEMIA dx: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis commonly seen in: southeast/Mediterranean descent complicaitons: -infusion dependent -iron overload (organ injury)
49
Encopresis Nocturnal Enuresis
Encopresis: Fecal incontinence after potty training -chronic constipation after ignoring urge to go ----colon enlarges and desensitizes tx: -not a quick fix -must retrain colon Nocturnal Enuresis: -bed wetting -normal when first potty training -may be caused by stress (regression)
50

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