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Pedi Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is dictorial parenting style?

A

Parents try to control behavior and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations

  • Child is never allowed to watch TV
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2
Q

What is permissive parenting style?

A

Parents exert little or no control over the child’s behaviors, and consult the child when making decisions

  • Child assists with deciding if they will watch tv
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3
Q

What is democratic parenting style?

A

Direct child’s behavior by setting rules and explaining them

  • Child can watch TV for one hour after finishing HW
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4
Q

What is Passive parenting style?

A

Parents are uninvolved, indifferent, and emotionally removed

  • Child can watch hTV whenever
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5
Q

Sucking and rooting reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Infant turns head towards the side being touched and starts to suck

Birth - 4 months

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6
Q

Palmar grasp reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Object placed in infant’s palm, and they grasp the object

Birth - 4 months

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7
Q

Plantar grasp reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Touch the sole of an infant’s foot and they curl downward

Birth - 8 months

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8
Q

Moro reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Allowing head and trunk of infant in semi-sitting position to fall backward. Arms and legs extend

Birth - 4 months

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9
Q

Tonic neck reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Turning infant’s head to one side. Infant extends the arm and leg on one side and flexes on the opposite side

Birth - 3 or 4 months

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10
Q

Babinski reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Stroke outer edge of sole and up to toes, should fan upward and out

Birth - 1 year

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11
Q

Stepping reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Holding an infant upright with his feet touching on a flat surface and they step

Birth - 4 weeks

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12
Q

Nutrition for 2 days old to one year

A
  • Breastfeeding complete diet during first 6 months
  • Provide infant with vitamin D to prevent rickets
  • Iron supplements for infants being breastfed over 4 months old
  • Do not give alternative sources of fluid
  • 6 months: 4-6 oz of juice, fruits, and veggies
  • Increased solids and decrease breast milk, completely stopping at 1 year
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13
Q

When does posterior fontanel close?

A

2-3 months

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14
Q

When does the anterior fontanel close?

A

12-18 months

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15
Q

How much weight is gained during first 5 months?

A

1.5 pounds per month

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16
Q

Birth weight ____ by 6 months and _____ by 12 months

A

double, tripled

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17
Q

babies grow __________ inches per month in the first 6 months

A

1 inch (2.5cm)

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18
Q

Birth length increased ____% by 12 months

A

50%

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19
Q

Head circumference increases ___ inches per month during first 3 months

A

0.75 in (2 cm)

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20
Q

Head circumference increases ___ in per month from 4-6 months

A

0.4 inches (1 cm)

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21
Q

Head circumference increases ____ in per month during second 6 months

A

0.2 inches (0.5 cm)

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22
Q

Immunizations at birth?

A

Hep B

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23
Q

immunizations 2 month old?

A

HIB

IPV

RV

DTaP

PCV

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24
Q

Immunizations at 4 months?

A

HIB

IPV

RV

DTaP

PCV

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25
Immunizations at 6 months?
Hib RV
26
Immunizations between 6 and 18 months old?
DTaP IPV PVC Hep B
27
Immunizations at 1 year
flu
28
Immunizations at 1 year
flu
29
When do babies get their first teeth?
6 to 10 months
30
How many teeth will a 1 year old have?
6 to 8
31
Piaget (Cognitive Development)
Object permanence Domestic Mimicry Demonstrate memories of events but fail to recognize others viewpoint
32
Erikson (Psychosocial Development)
Autonomy versus shame and doubt Independence occurs and is often accompanied by negativity Ritualism is important
33
Car seat recommendations
The safest place for a child is in the back seat remain in backward facing car seat until 2 yo. or height requirement reached toddlers over 2 who have exceeded height requirement may have car seat forward facing
34
Body image of preschoolers
begin to recognize change in their appearance at 5 yo. they begin comparing themselves to one another poor understanding of anatomy
35
Activities for a preschooler
play is not organized but cooperation does exist playing ball, putting puzzles together, riding tricycles, playing pretend/dress up, reading books, electronic games
36
body image of school aged child
solidification of body image occurs sexual curiosity develops privacy is emphasized
37
Physical development in girls
females stop growing 2 to 2.5 years after menarche gain 15-55lbs sexual maturation order: breast development, pubic hair growth, axillary hair growth, menstruation
38
Physical development in boys
males stop growing around the age of 18 to 20 gain 15 to 66lbs sexual maturation order: testicular enlargement, pubic hair growth, axillary hair growth, facial hair growth, vocal changes
39
types of dehydration
iso: cell looses water and solute at equal amounts hypo: cell looses more solute than water hyper: cell looses more water than solute
40
complications of dehydration
mild: 3-5% loss in infants, 3-4% loss in children - behavior, mucous membranes, anterior fontanel, pulse and BP are all normal - cap refill is greater than 2 seconds - slight thirst may be present moderate: 6-9% loss in infants, 6-8% loss in children -cap refill is between 2 and 4 seconds -HR/RR is slightly increased with normal orthostatic BP, dry mucous membranes, anterior fontanel may be sunken severe: greater than 10% in infants, 10% in children -cap refill is greater than 4 seconds -tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, extreme thirst, dry mucous membranes, sunken eye balls, oliguria/anuria
41
Rota virus manifestations
fever watery stool diarrhea for 5 to 7 days vomiting for 2 days
42
Oral rehydration beginning solution
75 to 90mEq of sodium/L at 40 to 50 mL/kg over 4 hours
43
Oral rehydration maintenance solution
40 to 60mEq of sodium/L and limit to 150mL/kg/day
44
Oral hydration for ongoing diarrhea
each bout should be replaced with 10mL/kg
45
Lab tests for acute infectious GI disorders
CBC with diff Hct/Hgb BUN/Crt urine specific gravity stool occult urinalysis
46
Nursing care for diarrhea
Obtain baseline height and weight then continue to repeat at the same time each day Rectal temperatures should be avoided I&O's should be monitored IV fluids and (sometimes) antibiotics should be given
47
Meckel's diverticulum expected findings
rectal bleeding (usually painless) abdominal pain blood/mucous stool
48
Pyloric Stenosis expected findings
Vomiting after feeding, can become projectile Nonbilious vomit can be blood-tinged Constant hunger Olive-shaped mass in RUQ Failure to gain weight Dehydration Peristaltic wave moving from left to right
49
Post op care for pyloric stenosis
obtain post-op vital signs provide IV fluids monitor daily weights and I&O administer analgesic for pain assess for infection start clear liquids 4 to 6 hours after surgery document tolerance to feedings
50
What is peritonitis?
inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)
51
Appendicitis post op care
Non ruptured: assess respiratory status and maintain airway, provide supplemental oxygenation as prescribed, obtain vital signs, administer analgesics, assess surgical site for bleeding, assess bowel sounds and function Ruptured: assess respiratory status and maintain airway, provide supplemental oxygenation as prescribed, obtain vital signs, administer analgesics, assess surgical site for bleeding, assess bowel sounds and function, administer IV fluids and antibiotics, maintain NPO status, maintain NG tube to low continuous suction, provide wound irrigation, provide drain care, assess for peritonitis
52
Cleft Lip post op care
monitor the integrity of the postop protective device to ensure proper positioning position the infant on the back and upright or on the side during the immediate post op period to maintain the integrity of the repair apply elbow restraints to keep the infant from injuring the repair site use water or diluted hydrogen peroxide to clean the incision site gently aspirate secretions
53
Cleft palate post op care
change the infant’s position frequently to facilitate drainage and breathing maintain IV fluids until the infant is able to eat and drink the infants is usually NPO for 4 hr avoid placing things in the infants mouth following repair elbow restraints may be applied close observation should occur a face mask may be applied for oxygenation
54
Communicable disease
Conjunctivitis EBV/Mono Fifths disease mumps pertussis rubella rubeola varicella
55
isolation precaution for conjunctivitis
direct contact
56
isolation precaution for EBV/mono
saliva
57
isolation precaution for fifths disease
droplet blood
58
isolation precaution for mumps
direct contant droplet
59
isolation precaution for pertussis
direct contact droplet indirect contact with a contaminated object
60
isolation precaution for rubella
direct contact drople
61
isolation precaution for rubeola
direct contact droplet (airborne)
62
isolation precaution for varicella
direct contact droplet (airborne) contaminated objects
63
what is ALTE
sudden event where the infant exhibits apnea, change in color, change in muscle tone and choking
64
Poisoning
ingestion of or exposure to toxic substances
65
Respiratory emergencies
Respiratory insufficiency: increased work of breathing with mostly adequate gas exchange or hypoxia with acidosis Respiratory failure: inability to maintain adequate oxygenation of the blood Apnea: cessation of respirations for more than 20 seconds Respiratory arrest: complete cessation of respirations Airway obstruction: Can be due to aspiration of a foreign body
66
SIDS: sudden infant death syndrome
risk factors: maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke, co-sleeping, nonstandard bed, prone or side lying sleep, low birth weight, prematurity, twin or multiple birth, low Apgar score, viral illness, family history of SIDS, poverty expected findings: history of events prior to discovery of infant, history of illness, pregnancy and birth history, presence of risk factors nursing care: provide support, allow the family an opportunity to express feelings, plan a home health visit, refer the family to support groups client teaching: teach the family how to reduce the risk of SIDS

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