Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Herpes > Pedia partial > Flashcards

Pedia partial Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is child abuse?

A

Child abuse is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or caregiver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of child abuse?

A
  • Physical Abuse
  • Psychological Maltreatment
  • Sexual Abuse
  • Medical Child Abuse
  • Neglect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the signs of physical abuse?

A
  • Burns
  • Bruises
  • Fractures
  • Human bites or chunks of hair pulled off the scalp
  • Head injuries and broken bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is psychological maltreatment?

A

Psychological maltreatment occurs when adults judge, threaten, put down, or reject children, injuring their self-esteem or emotional well-being.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are indicators of psychological maltreatment?

A
  • Developmental delays
  • Bed-wetting without medical cause
  • Severe depression
  • Anxiety or aggression
  • Self-destructive behaviors
  • Overly compliant behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is medical child abuse?

A

Medical child abuse, also known as Munchausen syndrome, occurs when a caregiver exaggerates, invents, or induces symptoms of illness in a child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does neglect in child abuse refer to?

A

Neglect is the inability to provide enough love, care, food, clothing, housing, cleanliness, education, or medical attention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some signs of neglect?

A
  • Poor growth
  • Excessive weight gain or loss
  • Poor personal cleanliness
  • Lack of clothing or supplies
  • Poor record of school attendance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is rape trauma syndrome?

A

Rape trauma syndrome consists of two phases: disorganization phase and reorganization phase, affecting the victim’s emotional state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms of the disorganization phase in rape trauma syndrome?

A
  • Feelings of humiliation, shame, and guilt
  • Anger and vengefulness
  • Physical pain and fear
  • Nightmares
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the causes of child abuse?

A
  • Family Dysfunction
  • Individual Factors
  • Social and Cultural Factors
  • Stress and Crisis
  • Substance Abuse
  • Lack of Education and Awareness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some risk factors for child abuse?

A
  • Unwanted pregnancy
  • Parent has previously abused a child
  • Parent’s history of abuse
  • Unrealistic expectations of the child
  • Parent’s mental illness or substance abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What constitutes sexual abuse of a child?

A

Sexual abuse involves engaging in sexual behavior with a minor, including intercourse, oral-genital contact, and non-physical forms like exposure to pornography.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are complications that can arise from child abuse?

A
  • Premature death
  • Physical disabilities
  • Learning disabilities
  • Substance abuse
  • Health problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are emotional issues that can result from child abuse?

A
  • Low self-esteem
  • Difficulty establishing relationships
  • Challenges with intimacy and trust
  • Unhealthy view of parenthood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fill in the blank: The term _______ refers to any intentional harm or mistreatment to a child under 18 years old.

A

child maltreatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: Psychological maltreatment can lead to developmental delays in children.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the impact of child abuse on future work or employment?

A

Adults who experienced abuse as children may face challenges in the workplace, including difficulty managing stress and maintaining relationships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two phases of rape trauma syndrome?

A
  • Disorganization phase
  • Reorganization phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is low self-esteem in the context of child abuse?

A

Child abuse can erode a child’s sense of self-worth and value, leading to feelings of inadequacy and unworthiness.

Low self-esteem can significantly impact a child’s emotional and social development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What difficulties do children who have experienced abuse face in relationships?

A

Children may struggle to form healthy relationships due to trust issues and fear of vulnerability.

This can lead to long-term interpersonal challenges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an unhealthy view of parenthood that can develop from child abuse?

A

Children may develop distorted beliefs about parenthood, viewing abusive behavior as normal or acceptable.

This can perpetuate cycles of abuse in future generations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does child abuse affect a child’s ability to cope with stress?

A

Child abuse can impair a child’s ability to regulate emotions and cope with stressors effectively.

This can lead to long-term emotional difficulties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some mental health disorders associated with child abuse?

A
  • Eating disorders
  • Personality disorders
  • Behavior disorders
  • Depression
  • Anxiety disorders
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • Attachment disorders

These disorders can significantly impact a child’s development and quality of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Wilms tumor?
A rare kidney cancer that mainly affects children, also known as nephroblastoma. ## Footnote It is the most common cancer of the kidneys in children.
26
What are common symptoms of Wilms tumor?
* Abdominal swelling * Fever * Abdominal pain * Constipation * High blood pressure * Blood in the urine * Fatigue * Loss of appetite * Weight loss * Frequent urinary tract infections ## Footnote Symptoms may vary, and some children may have no symptoms at all.
27
What are the stages of Wilms tumor?
* Stage I: unilateral, limited to kidney, completely resectable * Stage II: unilateral, tumor extends beyond kidney but is completely resectable * Stage III: unilateral, tumor has spread outside of kidney, located in abdominal cavity only, not fully removed * Stage IV: unilateral with metastasis in liver, lung, bone or brain * Stage V: bilateral kidney involvement ## Footnote Staging is crucial for determining the treatment plan and prognosis.
28
What is the overall survival rate for Wilms tumor?
About 90%. ## Footnote Prognosis depends on staging at diagnosis and the extent of metastasis.
29
What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
The most common form of cancer in children, accounting for about one third of all childhood cancers. ## Footnote It primarily affects children between 2 and 10 years of age.
30
What factors influence the prognosis of ALL?
* WBC count at diagnosis * Type of cytogenic factors and immunophenotype * Age at diagnosis * Extent of extramedullary involvement ## Footnote Higher WBC counts at diagnosis generally indicate a poorer prognosis.
31
What are some common signs and symptoms of leukemia?
* Fever * Recurrent infections * Fatigue * Pallor * Unusual bleeding or bruising * Abdominal pain * Nausea or vomiting * Bone pain * Headache ## Footnote These symptoms can vary in presentation and severity.
32
What is the purpose of the induction stage in leukemia treatment?
To rapidly induce complete remission. ## Footnote This stage usually lasts 3-4 weeks.
33
What is the role of family therapy in the treatment of child abuse?
To address underlying family dynamics, communication issues, and support the healing process of both the child and the family unit. ## Footnote Family therapy can be crucial for preventing further instances of abuse.
34
True or False: Wilms tumor can be prevented.
False. ## Footnote While screening may help in early detection, there is no known prevention for Wilms tumor.
35
What diagnostic tests are used for Wilms tumor?
* Renal/Abdominal ultrasound * Bone scan * Abdominal CT scan * Chest X-ray * MRI * Blood tests and urine tests * Biopsy ## Footnote These tests help in confirming the diagnosis and assessing the extent of the disease.
36
What is the goal of induction in leukemia treatment?
Rapid induction of complete remission ## Footnote Typically occurs within 3-4 weeks.
37
What medications are commonly used in the induction phase for high-risk leukemia?
Oral steroids, IV vincristine, IM L asparaginase, daunomycin ## Footnote These are part of the initial treatment strategy.
38
What is the purpose of consolidation (intensification) in leukemia treatment?
Strengthen remission, reduce leukemic cell burden ## Footnote The specific treatments vary.
39
What medications are involved in the consolidation phase of leukemia treatment?
High dose methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, possibly cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, asparaginase, thioguanine, epipodophyllotoxins ## Footnote This phase aims to eliminate remaining leukemic cells.
40
What is the maintenance phase's goal in leukemia treatment?
Eliminate all residual leukemic cells ## Footnote This phase lasts 2-3 years.
41
What is the typical treatment regimen during the maintenance phase?
Low dose: daily 6-mercaptopurine, weekly methotrexate, intermittent IV vincristine, and oral steroids ## Footnote This regimen aims to maintain remission.
42
What is CNS prophylaxis in leukemia treatment?
Reduce risk of development of CNS disease ## Footnote It is given periodically in all stages.
43
What diagnostic tests are used for leukemia?
Complete blood counts, peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspiration, lumbar puncture, liver function test, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, chest x-ray ## Footnote Each test provides critical information about the disease status.
44
What is the incidence peak age for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in children?
Adolescent years ## Footnote AML is the second most common type of leukemia in children.
45
What is the long-term survival rate for childhood AML?
50% ## Footnote This reflects the challenges in treating this type of leukemia.
46
What are the subtypes of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)?
* Myeloid leukemia * Acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) * Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMLK) * Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) ## Footnote Each subtype has different characteristics and treatment approaches.
47
What are some risk factors for developing AML?
* Age (typically affects those 65 or older) * Smoking * Cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiation) * Long-term exposure to chemical carcinogens * High-dose radiation exposure * Certain inherited disorders * Other bone marrow disorders ## Footnote Understanding these factors can aid in prevention and early detection.
48
What are common signs and symptoms of AML?
* Recurrent infections * Fever * Fatigue * Skin pallor * Salmon-colored or blue-gray papular lesions * Headache, visual disturbances, signs of increased intracranial pressure ## Footnote These symptoms indicate the need for further investigation.
49
What is pediculosis?
Infestation with the human head-and-body louse, Pediculus humanus ## Footnote These ectoparasites have specific characteristics and life cycles.
50
What are the three stages of the head louse life cycle?
* Eggs (nits) * Nymphs * Adults ## Footnote Each stage has distinct features and behaviors.
51
What are common symptoms of head lice infestation?
* Itching * Visible lice * Lice eggs (nits) on hair shafts * Sores on the scalp, neck, and shoulders ## Footnote Itching is a primary symptom due to allergic reactions to bites.
52
How do head lice primarily spread?
Direct head-to-head contact ## Footnote Indirect spread is less common but can occur through personal items.
53
What are effective prevention strategies for head lice?
* Hang clothes separately * Avoid sharing combs, brushes, hats * Avoid lying on contaminated bedding ## Footnote These measures can help reduce transmission risk.
54
What are the characteristics of body lice?
Live in clothing and bedding, travel to skin to feed on blood ## Footnote Body lice are more common in crowded, unhygienic conditions.
55
What are common symptoms of body lice infestation?
* Intense itching * Small areas of blood and crust on the skin at bite sites ## Footnote These symptoms can indicate an active infestation.
56
What is the primary treatment for body lice infestation?
Thoroughly wash the body and contaminated items with soap and hot water ## Footnote Dry cleaning and ironing can also help eliminate infestation.
57
What is pubic lice commonly referred to as?
Crabs ## Footnote They are a different type of louse from head and body lice.
58
How are pubic lice typically transmitted?
Through sexual activity or sharing contaminated items ## Footnote In children, pubic lice may indicate sexual abuse.
59
What symptoms are associated with pubic lice?
* Intense itching in the genital region * Discolored skin * Secondary infections ## Footnote These symptoms can lead to complications if not treated.
60
What is the treatment for pubic lice?
Over-the-counter creams or lotions; prescription treatments if OTC fails ## Footnote All hairy areas should be checked and treated.

Herpes (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions