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Pediatrics > Pediatric Derm > Flashcards

Pediatric Derm Flashcards

1
Q
A

Mongolian Spot

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2
Q

What are Mongolian spots

A

Collection of melanocytes in the dermal layer

Also known as congenital dermo-melanocytosis

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Mongolian spots

A

Flat blue or gray lesions with well-defined margins

Commonly found in the presacral region

More common dark skinned races

Often confused with bruises

Will fade with time

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4
Q
A

Erythema toxicum

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of erythema toxicum

A

Small papules/pustules on an erythematous base

Usually appear after first day of life

Lesions will contain mostly eosinophils

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6
Q
A

Seborrheic dermatitis

“Cradle Cap”

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7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis

A

Erythematous, try, crusting lesions on the face, scalp, perineum, postauricular and intertrigenous Areas

less pruritic than eczema

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8
Q

What are intertrigenous ares

A

Area where two surfaces of skin touch or rub together

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9
Q

What is the treatment first of seborrheic dermatitis

A

Baby oil

Dandruff shampoo (Hypersensitivity to yeast)

Hydrocortisone for severe cases

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10
Q
A

Milia

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11
Q

What is Milia

A

Small inclusions cyst

Epstein’s pearls in the mouth are common

Self-limited, benign

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12
Q
A

Cutis Marmorata

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13
Q

What is cutis marmorata

A

Lacy pattern on skin

Represents is a vasomotor response to cold stress

Persistent form is seen with trisomy 21 and trisomy 18

Usually decreases with warmth to the child

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14
Q
A

Neonatal Acne

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15
Q

What is neonatal acne

A

Comedomes caused by an excess in circulating androgenic hormones

No treatment usually required

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16
Q
A

Salmon Patch

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17
Q
A

Stork Bite

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18
Q

What is a salmon patch

A

Flat vascular lesion commonly seen over the eyelids, glabella, the nucal areas, symmetric

Usually disappears time

Distinguish from Portwine stains (permanent, unilateral, more intensely colored)

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19
Q
A

Capillary Hemangioma

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20
Q

What is a capillary hemangioma

A

Macular strawberry colored lesions

Grow quickly in the first your life

99% regressed completely by age 9 with no treatment

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21
Q

When is treatment indicated for capillary hemangioma

A

Becomes Caverness (Kasabach merrit)

Is in the airway (suggested by cutaneous lessions in a beard distribution)

Threatens vision

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22
Q

What is kasabach merrit syndrome

A

Hemangioma with thrombocytopenia

Vascular tumor leads to decrease in platelets

May become cavernous

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23
Q
A

Portwine stain

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24
Q
A

Cafe Au Lait spots

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25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cafe au lait spots

A

Sharply demarcated tan or light brown flat lesions

Occur anywhere

Variable and size

Associate with neurofibromatosis

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26
Q
A

Acne Vulgaris

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27
Q

What is that Acne Vulgaris

A

Skin disorder caused by:

  1. Abnormal characterization of the follicular epithelium
  2. Increase sebum
  3. Inflammation from bacteria growth (Propionibacterium acnes)

All these changes are stimulated by pubertal hormonal changes

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28
Q

What is the treatment for acne vulgaris

A

Keep skin cleaned

No special diet

Abnormal keratin: benzyl peroxide’s (topical)

Bacterial Overgrowth: topical (clindamycin) or Systemic antibiotics (tetracyclines)

Increased Sebum: topical or systemic retinoids

29
Q

What side effects are associated with systemic retinoid therapy

A

Photosensitivity

birth defects

30
Q
A

Atopic Dermatitis

31
Q

What is atopic dermatitis

A

Chronic relapsing remitting inflammatory skin reaction with a strong genetic predelection

32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis

A

Pruritic your erythematous papulovesicular reaction that progresses to scaling, hypertrophy and lichenification

Less than two years: extensors, face, scalp, sparing of diaper

Older: flexor, neck, wrist, ankles

33
Q

What is the treatment for atopic dermatitis

A

Emoillents, decreased irritants

Topical corticosteroids

Topical immunosuppressants (tacrolimus, pimectrolimus)

34
Q

What complications are associate with atopic dermatitis

A

Bacterial or herpetic superinfection

Staph, strep, HSV

35
Q
A

Psoriasis

36
Q

What is psoriasis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease with strong genetic predisposition that affects 1 to 3% of the population

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of psoriasis

A

Plaques and papules with silver scale mostly on extensor surfaces

Nail Findings: pitting, oncholysis, and yellow discoloration

38
Q

What is the treatment for psoriasis

A

Emollients, topical steroids, tar and phototherapy

39
Q
A

Tinea Corporis

40
Q

What pathogens are associated with tinea corporis

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

Microsporum canis

41
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tinea corporis

A

Annular lesion with raised order, scaling and central clearing

42
Q

What is included in the differential for tinea corporis

A

Erythema migrants (lime disease)

nummular eczema

Psoriasis

Erthema Multiforme

43
Q

What is the treatment for tinea corporis

A

Topical antifungal (such as clotrimazole)

44
Q
A

Tinea Capatis

45
Q
A

Kerion

46
Q

What pathogens are associated with tinea capitis

A

Trichophytum tonsurans,

Microsporum Canis

47
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tinea capitis

A

Hair loss, scalp pruritus, (black dot sign), occipital adenopathy

48
Q

What is the treatment for tinea capitis

A

Griseofulvin for 4 to 6 weeks

49
Q

What is a kerion

A

Allergic reaction to the fungus causing a buggy granulomatous mass. They often resolve on their own; some require steroids

50
Q

What causes the “black dot sign”

A

broken hairs at the base that looks like black dots

51
Q
A

Staphylococcal Scalded skin syndrome

52
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

Ill peering infant with inflamed maculopapular rash with purulent discharge

53
Q

What is the treatment for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

Fluid resuscitation, intravenous antibiotics

54
Q
A

Impetigo

55
Q

What is impetigo

A

Superficial skin infections staph aureus or group A beta-hemolytic strep

56
Q

Where the signs and symptoms of impetigo

A

Nonbullous: vesicles, papules, plus shows that rupturing leave a honey colored crust over a shallow ulcerated base

Bullous: red macules the progress to bullous reactions on an erythematous base

57
Q

What is the treatment of impetigo

A

Bactroban: Mupirocin tropical

Oral antibiotics if extensive

58
Q
A

Pityriasis Rosea

59
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pityriasis rosea

A

Herald patch: annular, raised boarder with fine adherent scales

5 to 10 days later, widespread symmetric eruption: oval, round, less than 1 cm, may have scale, “Christmas tree pattern” - follow skin folds; pruritic

May persist for 4 to 6 weeks

60
Q

What is the treatment for pityriasis rosea

A

Emoilents

Antihistamines

Trial of steroids, but this is yet to be proven

61
Q
A

Cellulitis

62
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cellulitis

A

Erythema, warm, paint

It’s an infection of the deeper layers of the skin caused by group A beta-hemolytic strep or staph aureus

63
Q
A

Erythema multiforme

64
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of erythema multiforme

A

Hypersensitivity reaction associated with viral infections, mycoplasma infection, drug ingestion, immunizations and food reactions

Signs and symptoms: symmetric distribution of lesions evolving through multiple morphological stages including target lesions

65
Q

What is the treatment of erythema multiforme

A

Symptomatic

66
Q
A

Steven Johnson syndrome

67
Q

What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

Severe form of erythema multiforme

Signs and symptoms: inflammatory Bullae on two or more mucous membranes

68
Q

What is the treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

Supportive care, especially fluid management

Associated with a 10% mortality

Pediatrics (8 decks)

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