Pediatric Developmental Stages

Question 1

Rights of children and family?

Answer 1

-right to know what is being done and what will be done.
-communicate to your patient and their family
-emotional support is very important

Question 2

How would you deal with pain in a child?

Answer 2

-warn the child if the procedure or treatment will cause pain
-never say “it wont hurt” if it will
-prepare al equipment for the procedure prior to to preforming it
-some children cannot localize pain, however an describe it.

Question 3

Honesty regarding paediatrics?

Answer 3

Be as honest as possible whilst remaining discrete

-some info will only increase anxiety

-its okay to say I don’t know

Question 4

Considerations in sense of hearing in paediatrics?

Answer 4

Hearing s the first sense to one and the last to go
- for children losing in and out of consciousness, assume they can hear you
- always use the child’s name

Question 5

What are physical disabilities?

Answer 5

-trouble with movement or motor skills

Question 6

What are cognitive disabilities?

Answer 6

-mental development is affected

Question 7

Social, communication and emotional problems?

Answer 7

Autism
Deafness

Question 8

How long does a neonate remain a newborn?

Answer 8

Birth to 1 month

Question 9

How long does it take newborns to regain birth weight?

Answer 9

Within 10 days

Question 10

How many moths does it take for a newborn to double their weight?

Answer 10

By 6 months

Question 11

How do babies breathe? What is the problem with it?

Answer 11

Obligate nose breathers

Prone to airway obstructions

Question 12

What is the newborns Body position like?

Answer 12

Flexed

Question 13

Assessment recommendations for newborns?

Answer 13

-clean and warm hands prior to touching the newborn
-warm stethoscope, blankets, and other objects
-soothe by providing gloved finger or object to suck on

Question 14

What is the typical sequence of examination of newborns?

Answer 14

1.) -head, neck, heart, lungs, abdomen, GI, lower extremities, back

2.) -ears, mouth

3.) eyes (whenever they are spontaneously open)

4.) skin as you go along ^^

5.) neurologic system

Question 15

At what age does a newborn transition to an infant?

Answer 15

1-12 months

Question 16

At 2 months of age what can you expect to see in an infant?

Answer 16

-can fixate on and follow objects
-smiles
-can be pulled into sitting position

Question 17

At 4-6 months old, what can you expect to see in an infant?

Answer 17

-has a decreased Moro reflex
-reaches fo objects
-turns to sounds

Question 18

At 6-8 months old, what can you expect to see in an infant?

Answer 18

• sits upright without support
  -develops strange anxiety
  -has separation anxiety
  -imitates word sounds

Question 19

At 4-10 months old, what can you expect to see in an infant?

Answer 19

-crawls
-begins exploring environment
-begins eating solid food

Question 20

At 10-12 months old, what can you expect to see in an infant?

Answer 20

-stands
-motivated by basic survival needs
-will grasp objects to place in mouth
-likes to be held by parents

Question 21

Assessment recommendations for infants?

Answer 21

-approach infant gradually
-examine from toe to head if no life threatening conditions
-have parents or caregivers assist
-distract with a toy, picture or book

Question 22

At what age does an infant become a Toddler?

Answer 22

Age 1-3 years.

Question 23

How does a toddler react when held or restrained?

Answer 23

Tries to Squirm and wiggle out of grasp

Question 24

What behavioural and other changes can you see in a toddler?

Answer 24

• active when awake
• walking and climbing stairs
• may continue to fear strangers or act indifferently(may watch for parents reaction)
• begins to reason + has basic language skills
  -may not like having their clothes or possessions removed
  -remember and fears pain
  -does not make up false symptoms
  -experience respiratory problems primarily

Question 25

What are recommendations on how to assess a toddler?

Answer 25

- speak quietly and use simple language -be honest (they remember every promise :( ) -protect the child’s modesty - consider a toe to head assessment - allow the child to hold their favourite item -hide needles and scissors Until needed -talk to the child through examination -allow child to assist with their own treatment

Question 26

At what age does a toddler become a preschooler?

Answer 26

Age 3-6 Years

Question 27

How would a preschooler change compared to a toddler?

Answer 27

-very active -develops social skills -accepts strangers more readily ( retains parental separation anxiety ) -think in literal absolute terms, fail to understand cause and affect -does not like having possessions removed -fears pain, disfigurement and “leaking out” from bleeding -can explain where pain is located around 5 y/o

Question 28

What are the recommendations on assessment for preschoolers?

Answer 28

- talk in simple terms -if a painful procedure must be done, let them know what you are doing and before you do it -may have to bring up bargaining with the child to gain cooperation -use Lots of bandages -always tell the truth

Question 29

When does a preschooler become school age?

Answer 29

Ages 6-12

Question 30

How does a school aged child change compared to a preschooler?

Answer 30

-vital signs are more In line with an adults -has clear social skills, good verbal skills (permits to conversations without parents) -understands cause and effect -more body conscious -more likely to Cooperate with care if spoken to In a positive manner -may make up or exaggerate symptoms -fears pain, disfigurement, loss of function and death

Question 31

What are assessment recommendations for a school aged child?

Answer 31

-introduce yourself and communicate directly to the child -respect modesty -have child assist with exam and treatment if possible -consider making a contract with the child to gain cooperation -be especially honest with this age group

Question 32

At what age does a school aged child become an adolescent?

Answer 32

12-18 years of age

Question 33

How does An adolescent change compared to a school aged child?

Answer 33

-vitals in line with adults -prone to taking risks and impulsive behaviour -is dependant minded, values respect and privacy -is likely to experiment with alcohol, motor vehicles and drugs -appreciates being told the truth -is greatly influenced by peers -fears disfigurement

Question 34

What are the assessment recommendations of an adolescent?

Answer 34

-respect independent and modesty -consider note reviewing patient in private -speak to the patient as you would an adult -avoid condescending language -obtain history from Patient