Pediatric First Aid: Nutrition Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is the difference in caloric requirement between a newborn and 1 year old?
Newborn: 100-120 kcal/kg/day
1 yo: 75 kcal/kg/day
What is the growth rate of newborns in g/day?
30 g/day
When should solid foods be introduced into a child’s diet? (Mom is exclusively breast feeding)
at 4-6 months
Why is whole cow’s milk not suitable for infants?
has higher levels of sodium, potassium, and protein = increase renal solute load
When can cow’s milk be introduced into a child’s diet?
AFTER their 1st birthday (1 yo+)
What is the optimal protein requirement for term infants per day?
2.2 g/kg/day
Why should baby’s not be put to sleep with a bottle?
can increase the risk of dental caries
What is the predominant protein in breast milk?
Whey
Why is cow’s milk not recommended for children less than 1 year of age?
infants GI is not well-developed enough to digest and can lead to GI blood loss/iron deficiency due to allergy formation
What is the name for the first milk produced after birth?
What color is it?
Colostrum - deep lemon color
What is the importance of colostrum for the newborn?
helps clear bilirubin from the gut and help prevent jaundice
high in protein, minerals, immunologic factors, antimicrobial peptides
What 4 supplements do breast-fed infants require?
- Vitamin K - 1mg IM @ birth
- Vitamin D - 400 IU/day
- Fluoride - after 6 months
- Iron - 4-6 months
What are the 4 main benefits to breast-feeding for an infant?
- dec. infection risk
- inc. immunologic factors
- dec. exposure to enteropathogens
- dec. chronic disease
How do you break the suction of a breastfeeding infant that will not let go of mom’s nipple?
insert finger in corner of mouth; DON’T PULL
What 4 infections are absolute contraindications to breastfeeding?
- active, untreated Tuberculosis
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- HIV
- Herpetic breast lesions
What is the difference between Breast-Feeding Jaundice and Breast Milk Jaundice?
BF = due to dec. milk production or poor milk intake
- dec. intake = minimal stooling
- INC. enterohepatic bilirubin circulation
BM = breast milk inhibits bilirubin conjugation
- prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- transient unless severe, no Tx necessary
What is the timing of Breast-Feeding Jaundice vs Breast Milk Jaundice?
Breast Feeding = DURING first week of life
Breast Milk = AFTER first week of life (peak weeks 2-3)
Are maternal hepatitis A/B/C transmitted through breast-feeding?
Not usually!
- infant should be immunized against Hep B though
How many wet diapers should a child have prior to one week of life and how many should they have after the first week?
Prior to 1st week: 1 wet diaper x age in days
- ex: 3 days old = 3 wet diapers
After 1st week: 6 wet diapers/day
What is the most common cause of Failure to Thrive?
inadequate caloric intake
What is the most common cause of mastitis and where does it typically come from?
Should breastfeeding continue if mother has active mastitis?
MCC = Staph Aureus, typically from oropharynx of asymptomatic INFANT
- continue feeding on affected breast
What kind of anemia would be seen in an infant receiving goat’s milk?
MEGALOBLASTIC anemia
Is it okay to give an infant < 6 months of age water or juice?
NO!
Water - fills them up
Juice - empty calories/excess sugar = diarrhea
How should new foods be introduced to the infant?
individually and about a week apart
- helps identify allergies and intolerances
