Pediatric Growth & Development Flashcards

Question

Failure to Thrive

Answer 1

Growth has decelerated or arrested Height and Weigh fall under 3rd or 5th percentile Downward change in growth associated w/abnormal G&D Reasons= Not enough calories given Poverty Neglect Social Determinants of health Picky Eater Digestive problems V/D Metabolic disorders Infection Food Intolerances Pediatric Growth Chart= Looking for trends Don’t want to see bid peaks nor big declines

Answer 2

5–6 months=add fortified cereal. Iron stores only last 5-6 months 7 months=add veggies 8 months=add fruit 9 months=add meat 10 months=egg yolk Eggs=whites not introduced till 1 year old a lot of children are allergic to or have a reaction Honey=not introduced till 1 year old. has bacteria which can lead to botulism. Breast feeding Best for immunity and digestion HIV mothers discouraged to breast feed=May infect baby

Answer 3

Bottle Weaning =6 months Night Bottle=Caries=pooling Aspiration=Propped bottles Obesity Preventing Dehydration Never free water because: Undeveloped kidneys Nutrient loss Risk for Water Intoxication

Answer 4

Congenital anomalies=heart defect, cleft palate Feeding Difficulty=colic, spitting up Respiratory Illness=RSV Ear Infections= otitis media which is inflammation of middle ear. Lasts about 3wks. Chronic if more than 3 months. Caused by strep or hemophilia influenza. Signs=irritable, restless, loss of appetite, pulling on ear, roll head side to side TX=antibiotics, Tylenol for pain, protect ears from water. If chronic check ears for hearing loss

Answer 5

React to change in familiar routines and surroundings Change in eating and sleeping habits Pain Mobility Separation anxiety begins 6-8months Stranger anxiety, May cry when approached, need consistency in caregivers

Answer 6

Autonomy v Shame & Doubt On the go- busy Time of independence Inquisitive and curious Learns to do things for self Vocabulary 300+ words Needs security of rules=sense of security Negativism “No” to everything Allow child to make simple, safe decisions: learning to feed, dress&undress themselves Feed themselves, finger foods,food fads, ritualistic Physiological Anorexia=growth begins to slow down. Need for food isn’t as much Foods to Avoid= choke nuts, popcorn, hotdogs, carrots, raisins, anything they can potentially choke or aspirate.

Answer 7

Independent ambulation by13m Increased manual dexterity = fine motor skills Large increase in language skills=chatty Encourage communication& speech Begins toilet training:2-3yrs/nighttime a bit later➡️where they are at neurologically Rituals Severe separation anxiety Temper tantrums=trying to be independent Initial Dental Visit

Answer 8

Unintentional injury is leading cause of death Increased mobility&curious nature can be dangerous. Falls, choking, poisoning, drowning, safeproof the environment, simple explanations, safe equipment, burns. Child is more mobile➡️fall➡️fracture Nothing replaces Constant supervision❗️ Accidents🟰not lack of supervision➡️laps of supervision

Answer 9

Parallel Play=alongside each other not together Push pull toys, puzzle, book, toy phone, musical toys Therapeutic Play: deals w/concerns and fears. Primary function helps them work out their feelings

Answer 10

Protest Cries, screams, Carrie’s on inconsolable,uncontrollable. Wants parent to stay. Will do anything to make them stay. Withdrawal from other adults. Clings to parents. Despair Withdrawn, represses, child looks sad, lonely, isolated. Not interested in play or food. Cries when sees parents May mistakenly be thought to be “setting in” Compliant behavior Denial Detachment Appears not to care when parent returns. Behavior is result of resignation, not a sign of contentment. Lack of protest when parents leave Appears happy & contented w/everyone- more interested in surroundings Has lost trust in parents Prefers nurse to parents

Answer 11

Loss of mobility/rituals/routine Fears loss of independence and/or autonomy Communication regression They take comfort in toys from home Want to gain/develop nurse trust relationship Never lie to child Get down to eye level Have constant for the child

Answer 12

Initiative v Guilt Associative Play= play together Separation Anxiety=generally less than toddler Less direct w/protests;cries quietly May be uncooperative Fear of injury Fear Loss of control Guilt and Shame Afraid of the dark Developing conscious=right from wrong Very Inquisitive Evaluate own behavior at this age Problem solve@this age Weight Gain=5lbs/year Height=typically increases proportionately Booster seat

Answer 13

Clay, building blocks, dress up clothes, paint, play houses, dolls, scooter, coloring books, puppets Therapeutic: let them handle equipment before using on child Use drawings to role play Use a teddy bear

Answer 14

Fear of unfamiliar environment/procedures/ Fear of abandonment &punishment:believes illness is due to patient’s bad behavior;reassure not being punished fear related to body integrity:believes equipment and surgery are hostile invasions designed to destroy his body. Use stuffed animals to role play Difficulty understanding how body parts are fixed:castration, mutilation fears Separation anxiety: less than toddler but still concern;parents are security Regression: May want more attention/held more 5lbs/year, height accordingly increases

Answer 15

Industry v Inferiority Susceptible to communicable disease Mostly play w/same sex Best friends Reward System Want to be part of a team Calorie need decreased 5-7 lbs a year Grows about 2” year Important to prevent spread of infection Chicken pox, slapped fist, roseola(runny nose/fever/nothing specific the rash on trunk=form of herpes virus), rheumatic fever=inflammatory disease affecting heart, N.S., subcutaneous tissue from strep throat infection. Requires steroids, aspirin, antibiotics, family teaching

Answer 16

Separation: less than toddler;May have already experienced when starting school Fear of injury and pain Like being involved and wants to make choices Peer group increasingly important =stress, bullying, dishonest behavior, fears Toys=board games, video games, crafts, love to collect things Safety=learn to ride bike teach about helmets, street crossings, drowning, safety with sports, swimming lessons

Answer 17

Intellect is growing: needs more specific explanations;can understand more concepts Loss of control:allow for choices;participation Fears physical nature of illness: being disabled, permanent injury. Will I be ok? Fears death by 9:reassure Loss of privacy and modesty: self conscious about body image. “Forgot to save specimen”. Specimen collections are gross. Fear of being displaced:not at home or school so will not be thought about,forgotten Regression: tends to act with bravado then cries when alone

Answer 18

Identity v Role Confusion Begins w/onset of puberty Separation from from friends rather than family more important Fear of altered appearance Will act as though not afraid when they really are Give them some control to avoid a power struggle May be self absorbed Sudden mood swings Fear of altered appearance Acts as not afraid but are Abstract thinking Believe invulnerable- take risks Conflicts with parents= dependence vs independence Think they are invulnerable- take risks Mia, homocides, suicides, STD’s, pregnancy, substance abuse, constantly concerned about appearance, crash diets, eating disorders Nutritional:peakduring years of maximum growth, appetite increases, many love junk food, increased need for iron, calcium, and zinc for development of skeletal, muscle tissue and sexual maturation

Pediatric Growth & Development Flashcards

(42 cards)