Pediatric Musculoskeletal

Question 1

T or F
Children’s bones are more cartilaginous and flexible, hence easier to remodel after injury
o and more prone to malalignment if not properly treated

Answer 1

T

Question 2

The natural process where cartilage turns into
bone?

Answer 2

ossification

Question 3

when does ossification start?

Answer 3

starts in the utero continues thought childhood

Question 4

bone maturity is completed during ___

Answer 4

late adolescence

Question 5

These are located at the ends of long bones (e.g., femur, humerus)

Answer 5

Epiphyseal (Growth) Plates

Question 6

Responsible for longitudinal bone growth

Answer 6

Epiphyseal (Growth) Plates

Question 7

T or F
Growth plates are not highly vulnerable to injury, and no damage can result in growth disturbances

Answer 7

F: highly vulnerable to injury and can cause damage

Question 8

when does the growth plates close?
Girls: __
Boys: __

Answer 8

G; 14-16 yrs old
B; 16-18 yrs old

Question 9

T or F
At birth, the skull bones are fully fused

Answer 9

false; not fully fused

Question 10

skull bones that are not fully fused allows for__

Answer 10

Passage through the birth canal
Rapid brain growth

Question 11

Posterior fontanelle: Closes by

Answer 11

~2 months

Question 12

Anterior fontanelle: Closes by __

Answer 12

18–24 months

Question 13

what system helps classify growth plates injuries?

Answer 13

salter-harris system

Question 14

define SALTER

Answer 14

S- straight across
A- above
L- lower
T- through
ER- erasure of growth plate (rammed)

Question 15

T or F
Children are born with all the muscle fibers they’ll ever have.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

T or F
Muscle growth happens through number not in hypertrophy (increase in size).

Answer 16

F; happens thru hypertrophy (inc in size)

Question 17

T or F

Full strength and coordination develop as the nervous system matures over time.

Answer 17

T

Question 18

___ emerges alongside gross motor milestones.

Answer 18

muscle tone

Question 19

Abnormal tone or reflexes may be early indicators of ___

Answer 19

neuromuscular disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy)

Question 20

Infants have more flexible joints due to __

Answer 20

lax ligaments

Question 21

T or F
As children grow, muscle development helps stabilize thejoints

Answer 21

T

Question 22

connect bones

Answer 22

ligaments

Question 23

connect muscles to bones

Answer 23

tendons

Question 24

T or F
Ligaments are relatively weak in children.

Answer 24

F; strong

Question 25

___ lengthen and thicken as the child grows.

Answer 25

tendons

Question 26

T or F Until puberty, ligaments may actually be stronger than bones—which is why fractures are more common than sprains in younger children.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Flexed posture; mostly cartilage, open fontanelles

Answer 27

newborn

Question 28

Rolls, sits, crawls; Rapid growth, ossification begins

Answer 28

0-1 yr old (infant)

Question 29

Walks, climbs; Improved coordination, joint flexibility

Answer 29

toddler (1-3 yr)

Question 30

Runs, jumps; Growth plates very active, injury risk increases

Answer 30

preschool (3-5 yr old)

Question 31

Refined motor skills; Stronger bones, developing muscle coordination

Answer 31

School-age (6–12 yr)

Question 32

Growth spurts; Growth plates closing, rapid

Answer 32

adolescent

Question 33

Often seen in trauma cases; evaluated using the Salter-Harris classification.

Answer 33

Growth Plate Injuries

Question 34

Foot turned inward/outward

Answer 34

clubfoot

Question 35

Improper formation of the hip socket

Answer 35

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Question 36

__ screening is essential during growth spurts

Answer 36

Regular scoliosis screening