Pediatric PK/PD- Absorption Flashcards
(25 cards)
Most common route for drug delivery
PO
Children will reject medications based on what?
Color, taste, texture, temperature
Taste at birth
Detect sweetness
Taste at 2 years
Can detect bitter/salty/sour
Taste at 1-2 years
Can detect texture and temperature
Smell at 5-7 years old
Have an effective response to different odors
Preterm infants and full-term neonates have the highest ______.
gastric pH
What happens to the amount of acid in the stomach as a child grows?
More acid is produced
More acid production results in what?
Destruction of acid-labile compounds in the stomach
Pediatric absorption effect on drug stability (beta-lactams and macrolides)
They are acid-labile, so they will experience less degradation in the stomach with a higher pH
Pediatric absorption: neonates and PCN
Neonates will experience 5-6x higher concentrations of PCN compared to infants and older children
Gastric emptying rate _____ during ______
The rate increases during the first week of life
Effect of increased gastric emptying rates
Increases drug delivery to the site of absorption
_____ and ______ are _____ in newborns and young infants
Frequency and amplitude are reduced in newborns and young infants
When do most children attain adult motility patterns?
6-8 momths
Overall effect of reduced gastric emptying and poorly coordinated intestinal contractility
Decreased RATE (Tmax) of drug absorption –> longer time to achieve maximum drug absorption
NOT THE EXTENT!!
Rectal absorption has _____-amplitude pulsatile contractions
higher
Effect of rectal absorption
May decrease time drug is able to be absorbed –> decreased bioavailability
Percutaneous drug absorption in kids: SA/unit mass
Larger SA/unit mass
Percutaneous absorption: hydration of skin
Greater degree of hydration
Percutaneous absorption: rate
Higher perfusion rates
Percutaneous absorption: drug permeability
Enhanced drug permeability
Effects of drug absorption via percutaneous route in kids
Infants have a larger SA adjusted/unit of body weight and a thinner stratum cornea –> enhanced drug absorption
Percutaneous route and IM routes of administration have _____.
Higher bioavailability
