Pediatric Urology

Question 1

medical benefits of circumcision?

Answer 1

• Lower risk of sexually transmitted diseases, urinary tract infections, penile cancer

Question 2

complications of circumcison?

Answer 2

bleeding: Usually at frenulum

• pressure
• silver nitrate
• cautery
• suture

Question 3

Risk circumcision?

Answer 3

• adhesions
• skin bridges
• acquired buried penis

Question 4

medical indications of circumcision?

Answer 4

• recurring balanitis/posthitis
• does not retract during puberty
• recurrent UTIs due to phimosis/ buried
• urinary retention

Question 5

systemic symptoms

• spiking fevers
• chills
• vomiting
• 10-14 days of antibiotics

Answer 5

pyelonephritis

Question 6

systems localize to bladder

• lower grade fever
• frequency/urge
• 7-10 days of antibiotics

Answer 6

Cystitis

Question 7

risk for UTI in patients that are neurologically normal

Answer 7

• age x gender: < 1 year
• sexual activity (adolescents
• bladder and bowel dysfuntion

Question 8

what can occur in both peds that are neurologically normal or abnormal in terms of urology

Answer 8

structural abnormalities

• vesicoureteral reflux obstruction
• obstruction/stone/posterior uretheral valves

Question 9

what two things have a high value of being positive for UTI/

Answer 9

Leukocyte esterase & nitrites

Question 10

number of bacteria needed for a positive clean catch?

Answer 10

> 100,000

Question 11

number of bacteria needed for a positive catheter?

Answer 11

> 50,000

Question 12

UTI defintion for 2 to 24 month old

Answer 12

50,000 bacteriura and 5 WBC/ hpf is conventional

Question 13

Risk factors for testis cancer?

Answer 13

• cryptochidism (undescended testis)
• family history
• personal history
• precursor: intratubular germ cell neoplasia
• high risk period: puberty to young adulthood
• clinical presentation: painless scrotal mass

Question 14

• acute onset of pain
• swelling/redness
• vomiting

Diagnose

• Color doppler ultrasound

Emergency (ishcemia)
* Most commonly occurs puberty or neonatal periods
* painful scrotal swelling

Answer 14

Testis torsion

Question 15

difference between communication and non-communicating hydroceles

Answer 15

Communicating

• usually present- 3 to 4 years old
• fluctuates in size

Non-communicating

• non-fluctuating
• usually present at birth then resolves or during adolescence

Painless scrotal swelling; bluish hue, transillunimates

Question 16

most common renal tumor in children
* median age 3.5 years old
* painless abdominal mass
* diagnosis: CT scan
* has a claw sign

Answer 16

Wilms Tumor

Question 17

• urethral meatus is not on the glans
• usually associated with incomplete foreskin, curvature
• if associated with undescended testis, should consider karyotype
• don’t circumcise

Answer 17

hypospadias