Pediatrics #1: Development & Milestones Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Erickson Stages: Infant (Birth to 12 months)

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

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2
Q

Erick: Toddler (12 months to 3 years)

A

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

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3
Q

Erick: Preschooler (3 to 6 years)

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

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4
Q

Erick: School-age (6 to 12 years)

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

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5
Q

Erick: Adolescent (12 to 20 years)

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

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6
Q

Erick: Young Adult (20 to 40 years)

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

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7
Q

Erick: Middle-Age (40 to 65 years)

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation

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8
Q

Older Adult (65+ years)

A

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

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9
Q

Infant reflexes: reflexes babies are born with (2)

A

Tells us how well their nervous system is functioning and developing
Will go away after a period of time as their neurological system develops

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10
Q

Stepping reflex (2)

A

Held upright with one foot touching a flat surface → Baby will step alternatively.

fades by 4 weeks.

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11
Q

Tonic neck reflex (2)

A

Manual rotation of the infant’s head to one side → The infant will extend its arm to the side of the rotated face, and flex the contralateral arm.

Disappears after 3-4 months.

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12
Q

Moro reflex (2)

A

Protective response to abrupt disruption of body balance, elicited by pulling up on arms of infant in supine position and releasing (infant experiences sensation of falling) → Infant will abduct at the shoulder and extension at the elbow, spread their fingers, and then immediate flexion of the upper extremities and an audible cry.

Disappears after 3-4 months.

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13
Q

Babinski reflex (2)

A

Elicited by stroking the sole of the foot from the heel upward across the ball of the foot → Causes all toes to fan.

Disappears after 1 year.

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14
Q

Palmar grasp reflex (2)

A

When you apply pressure on a newborn’s palm - elicits a grasp.

Fades after 3-4 months

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15
Q

Rooting and sucking reflex (2)

A

When infant turns towards any object touching or stroking their cheek or mouth, and opens their mouth and begins to suck rhymically when a finger or nipple is inserted into the mouth.

Disappears by 4-7 months

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16
Q

Plantar grasp reflex (2)

A

When you apply pressure on the sole behind the toes and it elicits flexion.

Disappears after 8 months.

17
Q

Childhood Growth: Infants wt & inches (2)

A

Double birth weight by 5 months; triple birth weight by 1 year.

Grow 10 (25.4 cm) inches during first year

18
Q

Childhood Growth: Preschool (2)

A

Gain 4.4 lb (2 kg) and

grow 2 inches (5.1 cm) per year

19
Q

School age: growth (2)

A

Gain 4.4 lb (2 kg)

grow 2 inches (5.1 cm) per year

20
Q

Adolescents growth (2)

A

Gain 4.4 to 6.6 lb (2 to 3 kg) and

grow 3 to 4 inches (7.6 to 10.2 cm) per year

21
Q

Psychosocial and Cognitive Development: Infant (3)

A

By 3 months, smiles at parents;

stranger anxiety begins by about 7 months;

by 9 months, says “dada”

22
Q

Psychosocial and Cognitive Development: Preschool (3)

A

Decreased tantrums;

imitates adult patterns and roles;

by 5 years, beginning cooperative play (before this, “parallel play” - playing alongside rather than WITH peers)

23
Q

Psychosocial and Cognitive Development: School aged (2)

A

Begins logical thought patterns;

sensitive to criticism;

by 7 years, enjoys team sports/activities

24
Q

Psychosocial and Cognitive Development: Adolescents (2)

A

Body image is very important, as are peer relationships/peer pressure;

moodiness and conflict with adults may occur

25
Children develop strength and ability in a ______ ________
cephalocaudal direction From head to toe Trunk to peripheral Gross to fine
26
Milestones: Starting at 21 months (1)
readiness for toilet training
27
Milestones: 3 years (2)
Undresses without help Copies a circle
28
Milestones: 4 years (2)
Throws overhead Brushes teeth
29
Milestones: 5 years (1)
Dresses without help
30
Milestones: 6 years (1)
Ties knots
31
Milestones: 8 years (2)
Eye development complete Fine motor for handwriting
32
Voluntary anal and urethral sphincter control achieved between _____ & ______ Months
18 & 24
33
3 markers that indicate child's readiness to toilet train (3)
Awareness of the urge to void or defecate Interest in or motivation to use toilet Dry for at least 2 hours during the day
34
Toilet training info (2)
Nighttime bladder control takes several months to years after daytime training begins Bladder training is accomplished AFTER bowel training - the sensation for defecation is stronger than for urination, easier for child to recognize
35