Pediatrics Flashcards by Ginelle Zimmerman

What are risks for vertical HIV transmission to child?

frequent unprotected sex, advanced HIV infection (high viral load), membrane rupture over 4 hrs before delivery without antivirals, vaginal delivery, breastfeeding, premature (

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What are the components of the APGAR score?

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respirations

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What are the TORCH infections?

TOxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes virus type 2 (O- other like HIV, heb B, HPV, and syphillis)

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AAP breastfeeding guidelines?

-exclusive for first 6 months, then continue for at least 12 months

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What is the leading cause of congenital infection in the US?

CMV - >90% of children with congenital CMV infection have no clinical evidence of disease as newborns

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When does the APP mandate developmental screening?

9, 18, and 30 month checkups

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What is the caloric requirements for 1-2 mo olds?

Term to grow 100-120cal/kg/day

- preterm 115-130cal/kg/day

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When should baby regain birth weight?

2 weeks of age

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What vaccines are included in Pediarix?

DTaP, HepB, and IPV

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What vaccines are in Pentacel?

DTap, IPV, and HIB

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When should the infant double birth weight? triple?

double - 4-5 months

triple - 1 year

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What are urine or serum VMA/HVA from?

metabolites of catecholamines (elevated in neuroblastoma)

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What is the best imaging technique for an abdominal mass?

abdominal ultrasound (organ of origin, and solid cystic or mixed)

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When should a child first see the dentist?

within 6 months of first tooth eruption or by 1 year of age

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How tall to still be in a booster?

4’ 9’’

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When should parents discontinue using the bottle?

12-15 months

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What is TIPP?

The Injury Prevention Program; info for preventing injuries at all ages. Website

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What routine screens are done at 12 months?

lead and hemoglobin (for anemia)

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What are the 3 core symptoms of ADHD?

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

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When should you start vision screening? hearing screening?

vision - 3yrs old

hearing - newborn and restart at 4 yrs

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In anorexia, deficiency of what elements leads to cardiac issues?

calcium and magnesium

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What is the mnemonic used in assessing types of pain?

OPQRSTAAA

-Onset, Position, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Timing, Aggravation, Alleviating, Associated symptoms

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What is common range for HR and RR in 1st hour of life? 2nd?

1st hour - HR 160-180 and RR 60-80

2nd hour - HR 120-160 and RR 40-60

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What is the primary anabolic hormone for fetal growth?

Insulin - insulin sensitive organ systems = heart, liver, muscle

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What is the average glucose levels in a newborn?

65-71mg/dL

What causes transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?

delayed clearance of fluid from lungs after birth. More common with diabetic moms or c-section

What are the most common forms of antibody positive hemolysis (DAT or Combs positive)?

Rh or ABO incompatibility, incompatibilities in minor blood group antigens, antibody-negative hemolysis

What is a prominent clinical finding in galactosemia and hypothyroidism?

jaundice

When does breast milk jaundice begin?

day 4-7 (physiologic jaundice appears before this); may last up to 12 weeks

What are the tests for newborn with sepsis?

CBC with dif, CRP, blood culture, LP with chem and cultures

What labs are expected with Congential Adrenal Hypoplasia (CAH)?

low sodium and high potassium, elevated 17-OH progesterone

Which viruses are "live"?

rota (by mouth), MMR, varicella

What can be the only sign of early sepsis in a baby?

elevated heart rate

Which bugs give positive nitrite on UA?

E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus spp.

Location/ quality of enterovirus rash?

erythematous and maculopapular; may involve palms and soles. can be petechial - commonly late summer and early fall - ex: Coxsackie = hand foot and mouth

What are 3 causes of strawberry tongue?

streptococcal pharyngitis, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome

What are causes of rash on palms and soles?

RMSF, Kawasaki disease, enteroviruses, syphilis

Staccato cough at 4-12 weeks?

chlamydia pneumonia

What bugs commonly cause acute otitis media (AOM)?

Strep pneumo (25-50%), non HiB typable (15-52%), Moraxella catarrhalis (3-20%), Strep pyogenes (

How much liquid is needed to replace mild-moderate dehydration?

50-100mL/kg

What is the pediatric ibuprofen dosing?

10mg/kg Q 6-8 hrs PO | suspension: 100mg/5mL where 5mL = 1 tsp

What murmur has a widely split S2?

ASD | -systolic murmur due to increased flow across a normal pulmonic valve

What infection is associated with 20-30% of first febrile seizures in kids?

HHV-6, Roseola

What is the triad of elevated BP, bradycardia, and irregular respirations? means?

Cushings triad | -increased intracranial pressure

Which STIs are reportable in all states?

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid

What is the drug of choice for meningococcal prophylaxis?

ciprofloxacin | alts = rifampin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin

How many calories does a healthy term infant need in first 4 months?

100-110cal/kg/24hours

When should you screen for Autism Spectrum disorder?

18 and 24 month visits; M-CHAT

What syndrome is caused by inheritance of abnormal CGG repeats in FMR1 gene? Long face with large mandible, large prominent ears, and large testicles (after puberty)?

Fragile X syndrome | -with exception of Down syndrome, this is the MC genetic cause of intellectual disability

What heart defect is common in Turner syndrome?

coarctation of the aorta

What is the standard for Down syndrome lab diagnosis?

lymphocyte karyotype

What is FAS HgB mean?

carrier of 1 abnormal HgB gene - for Hgb S | -sickle cell trait

What is FAC hemoglobin mean?

carrier of 1 abnormal gene for Hgb C | -benign

What is FS hemoglobin mean?

both Hgb have mutations for Hgb S | -MC causing sickle cell

What is FSA?

sickle cell beta thallassemia

What are common procedures for young people with sickle cell?

tonsillectomy (Waldeyer's ring) and cholecystectomy (bilirubin gallstones)

In Sickle cell disease, infection with what organisms is common?

encapsulated organisms (S. pneumo, HiB, N. meningitidis)

What special immunization for sickle cell?

HiB and Prevnar (penumococcal) at 2, 4, and 6 months

What meds are used to treat Acute Coronary Syndrome in pt with SCD?

3rd generation cephalosporin and a macrolide

What does an S3 gallop indicate?

overloaded left ventricle - suggests CHF

What is the MC cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids?

minimal change disease

What is used to treat impetigo topically?

mupirocin

What drug is used to treat head lice?

Permethrin lotion 1% - may need 1-2 treatments in weekly intervals

Drug to treat scabies?

5% permethrin cream 2 times, 1 week apart

Treatment for tinea versicolor?

selenium sulfide lotion

Treatment for tinea capitis?

griseofulvin (oral antifungal)

Pediatrics Flashcards

(66 cards)