Pediatrics

Question 1

What are the two reasons you should vaccinate?

Answer 1

1) Individual Immunity: long-term protection

2) Herd Immunity: Provides community with protection.

Question 2

Is the threshold of herd immunity different for different diseases?

Answer 2

Yes! For example measles needs 85-90% of the population need to be vaccinated.

Question 3

How many different types of vaccines are there?

Answer 3

Four

1) Inactivated/Toxoids
2) Conjugated
3) Live Attenuated
4) Inactivated/Killed

Question 4

What are Inactivated/toxoid vaccines?

Answer 4

Includes the “parts” that best stimulate immune response?

Question 5

What are examples of inactivated/toxoid vaccines?

Answer 5

Tetanus, diphtheria

Question 6

What are conjugated vaccines?

Answer 6

• Pathogens are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule
• Immunogenic: Will trigger immune response (T-cell dependent)
• Immune Response strengthened when pathogen is conjugated with carrier protein?

Question 7

What are examples of conjugated vaccines?

Answer 7

• Meningococcal
• Pneumococcal
• Haemophilus Influenzae B
• Hepatitis B
• Influenza (injection)
• HPV
• Pertussis (whooping cough)

Question 8

What are live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 8

• Stronger mucosal immunity develops

- Not for those who are immunocompromised

Question 9

What are examples of live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 9

• MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
• Varicella
• Rotavirus
• Influenza (nasal spray)
• Zoster (shingles) for adult

Question 10

How often do you need the influenza vaccine?

Answer 10

Over 9 y/o: Every year

6 mo - 9: 2 doses separated by 28 days

Question 11

What is found in the influenza vaccine?

Answer 11

It is a quadrivalent: Two As and two Bs

Question 12

Who should not get the influenza vaccine?

Answer 12

The young, the old, the ill

Question 13

How many meningococcal vaccines are there?

Answer 13

2 - they protect against strains A/C/Y and W-135

Question 14

What age group is mostly affected by meningococcal strains A/C/Y and W-135?

Answer 14

Children over age 11

Question 15

When should you get meningococcal vaccines?

Answer 15

First dose: Age 11-12

Second Dose: Age 16-18

Question 16

When should you get meningococcal vaccine that targets serogroup B? Who does that strain mostly affect?

Answer 16

• Mostly affects young adults ages 11-25
• It is the meningitis you hear college kids getting
• Vaccine recommended at age 16

Question 17

What does strep pneumoniae cause?

Answer 17

• Respiratory Tract Disease (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis)
• Bacteremia
• Meningitis

*Mostly found in kids

Question 18

What does Haemophilus Influenzae Type B cause?

Answer 18

• Bacteremia
• Meningitis
• Cellulitis
• Epiglottitis

Question 19

What is Haemophilus Influenzae Type B antigen conjugated with?

Answer 19

Tetanus or Neisseria meningitidis-derived carrier protein

• 3-4 doses
• 12-15 m.o, age 2, 4, (6)

Question 20

What does Hepatitis B cause?

Answer 20

• Acute and chronic liver disease
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Death

Question 21

When are vaccines started for Hepatitis B?

Answer 21

3 series: Birth, 1-2 mo, 6 months

Question 22

How many vaccines are there for Hepatitis A?

Answer 22

2: 12 months, 18-30 months

Question 23

What does Diphtheria cause?

Answer 23

• Acute membranous pharyngitis

- Can cause respiratory obstruction

Question 24

What does Pertussis cause?

Answer 24

• Whooping Cough: “100 day cough”
• Pneumonia
• Apnea,
• Seizures
• Encephalopathy
• High mortality for infants

Question 25

What does Tetanus cause?

Answer 25

- Severe muscle spams provoked by neurotoxins | - Can progress to respiratory failure

Question 26

When should you get the series of vaccines for Diphtheria, Pertussis, and tetanus?

Answer 26

2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, 15-18 mo, 4-6 years

Question 27

How often should you get Td booster?

Answer 27

Every 10 years

Question 28

When do you get polio vaccines?

Answer 28

2, 4, 6-18 mo, 4-6 years

Question 29

What can HPV cause?

Answer 29

- Genital warts and cancers - Anal, head and neck cancers - lyryngeal papillomatosis (rare)

Question 30

What are the common vaccines given for HPV?

Answer 30

- Type 16 and 18 are most common (protection for cervical cancers * 40 types of HPV

Question 31

When should you get the HPV vaccine?

Answer 31

Ages 11-2

Question 32

What does Measles-Mumps-Rubella and Varicella cause?

Answer 32

- Varicella infection (chickenpox) - Varicella meningoencephalitis - Secondary complications of cellulitis and pneumonia

Question 33

When should you give MMR and varicella vaccines?

Answer 33

2 doses: 12 mo, 4-6 years

Question 34

What does rotavirus vaccine prevent?

Answer 34

Prevents acute diarrheal disease in healthy infants

Question 35

When should you give rotavirus vaccines?

Answer 35

2 or 3 doses: 2, 4, (6) months

Question 36

How effective are vaccines?

Answer 36

SUPER EFFECTIVE! VACCINATE YOUR GOD DAMN KIDS! THEY WILL NOT GET AUTISM!