Pediatrics

Question 1

_______________ presents with upper respiratory symptoms (eg, rhinorrhea, congestion, cough) and facial pain/pressure, with or without fever.

Answer 1

Acute rhinosinusitis

Question 2

__________ is a congenital obstruction of the posterior nasopharynx

Answer 2

choanal atresia

Question 3

CHARGE syndrome

Answer 3

Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia choanae
Growth retardation
Genital abnormalities
Ear abnormalities

Question 4

___________is the most common gastroenteritis in the United States and is often implicated in outbreaks on cruise ships and in schools.

Answer 4

Norovirus

Question 5

_________ is the most common cause of death from child abuse

Answer 5

Abusive head trauma

Question 6

Repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces cause shearing of the subdural bridging veins and vitreoretinal traction resulting in ______ and ______ hemorrhages

Answer 6

Subdural and retinal hemorrhages

Question 7

__________ causes an absent uterus, cervix and upper third of the vagina (ie blind vaginal pouch)

Answer 7

Mullerian agenesis

Question 8

Pt( 46XX) have primary amenorrhea with associated female external genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics. Diagnosis?

Answer 8

Mullerian agenesis

Question 9

unilateral cryptorchidism can be monitored until age ______ after which spontaneous descent is unlikely

Answer 9

6 months

Question 10

WAGR syndrome/11p deletion syndrome is characterized by a predisposition to ________, ________, _______ and __________

Answer 10

Wilms tumor
Presence of aniridia
Genitourinary abnormalities eg, cryptorchidism, hypospadias
Intellectual disability

Question 11

Non tender, non fluctuant scalp swelling of a newborn that does not cross suture lines

Management ?

Answer 11

Reassurance and observation

Cephalohematoma

Question 12

Low-grade fever, maculopapular rash with cephalocaudal spreads and posterior auricular and suboccipital lymphadenopathy +/- arthralgias and/or arthritis

Answer 12

Rubella

Question 13

Recurrent episodes of edema (eg, face, limbs, genitalia, bowel, larynx) without associated pruritus or urticaria

Diagnosis? Deficiency?

Answer 13

Hereditary angioedema

C1 inhibitor

Question 14

Benign intraventricular mass that causes increased production of CSF, leading to ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus

Diagnosis?

Answer 14

Choroid plexus papilloma

Question 15

Abnormal social development and extreme behavioral rigidity with onset in early development

Diagnosis?

Answer 15

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 16

Constipation is a common problem in toddlers due to transition to solid food and cow’s milk, toilet training and school entry. Management?

Answer 16

Dietary modification (increase dietary fiber and water intake)

Laxative therapy

+/- suppositories, edema

Question 17

Most common heart defect in Down syndrome?

Answer 17

Complete atrioventricular septal defects

Question 18

Bone pain and pancytopenia in a child are concerning for ________

Answer 18

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 19

Hyperthermia (=40C [104F]) associated with weakness, dizziness, profuse sweating, headache, and/or nausea.

Diagnosis?

Answer 19

Heat exhaustion

Question 20

4 years with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a normal or elevated white blood cell count in the presence of blasts on peripheral smear and bone marrow biopsy

Diagnosis?

Answer 20

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 21

Myelomeningocele is often associated with __ and ____

Answer 21

Obstructive hydrocephalus

Question 22

A limp that is worse in the morning in a toddler girl (age<5) is a typical presentation of _______

Answer 22

Oligoarticular JIA

Question 23

____ should be suspected in children with acute onset fever, joint pain and swelling

Answer 23

Septic arthritis

Question 24

Bilious emesis and abdominal distension in a preterm neonate are highly suggestive of _______________

Answer 24

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 25

2-8 weeks infants presents with hepatomegaly, jaundice, acholic stool, dark urine Cause?

Answer 25

Biliary atresia (fibrosis of extrahepatic duct

Question 26

2-8 weeks infants presents with hepatomegaly, jaundice, acholic stool, dark urine Diagnostic test?

Answer 26

Cholangiography

Question 27

2-8 weeks infants presents with hepatomegaly, jaundice, acholic stool, dark urine Treatment?

Answer 27

Hepatoportoenterostomy with or without liver transplant

Question 28

What hormone causes the potentially fatal complication in nutritional rehabilitation in a patient with anorexia nervosa?

Answer 28

Insulin

Question 29

What electrolytes are often affected in refeeding Syndrome?

Answer 29

Potassium, phosphorus, magnesium

Question 30

Mammillary glands enlargement, leukorrhea, mild uterine bleeding in a newborn Cause?

Answer 30

Physiological response to transplacental maternal estrogen exposure

Question 31

Isolated hyperpigmented patch with an increased density of hair follicle Most likely diagnosis?

Answer 31

Congenital melanocytic nevus

Question 32

First line treatment of acute otitis media with perforation of tympani membrane

Answer 32

Amoxicillin

Question 33

Management of a patient who has received amoxicillin therapy within 30 days and has acute otitis media with perforation of tympanic membrane

Answer 33

amoxicillin-clavulanate

Question 34

Suspect ________________ in a 2 or 3-year-old child with impaired adaptation to darkness, photophobia, dry scaly skin, xerosis conjunctiva, xerosis cornea, keratomalacia, Bitot spots and follicular hyperkeratosis of the shoulders, buttocks, and extensor surfaces.

Answer 34

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 35

Most common Renal malignancy in children that presents as asymptomatic unilateral abdominal mass

Answer 35

Wilms tumor

Question 36

3 most common Cardiovascular abnormalities seen in patients with Turner syndrome

Answer 36

Bicuspid aortic valve Coarction of the aorta Aortic root dilation

Question 37

3-4 months old; Doll-like face, thin extremities, short stature, and a protuberant abdomen with hypoglycemia, Latin acidosis, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia

Answer 37

Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency

Question 38

Pathognomonic facial features of fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 38

Small palpebral fissures Smooth philtrum Thin vermillion border

Question 39

Glaucoma in infants typically presents with

Answer 39

Tearing, photophobia, blepharospam and an enlarged cornea and globe

Question 40

Children with chronic cough and Chest X-ray findings of hilar lymphadenopathy, consolidation, pleural effusion Suspect?

Answer 40

Primary pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 41

Celiac disease results in small intestinal malabsorption and can present with _________ and _______

Answer 41

weight loss and iron deficiency anemia.

Question 42

What are the two most common causes of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease

Answer 42

Salmonella and staphylococcus aureus

Question 43

What is the treatment of choice for minimal change disease in children

Answer 43

Steroids

Question 44

Most common cause of sepsis in patients with sickle cell disease?

Answer 44

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 45

What prophylaxis should a patient with sickle cell disease be on till 5years

Answer 45

Penicillin prophylaxis

Question 46

pruritic, scaly, erythematous plaques with a raised border and central clearing.

Answer 46

Tinea corporis

Question 47

1st line Management of tinea corporis

Answer 47

Topical antibiotics - clotrimazole and terbinafine

Question 48

fever, otalgia, and mastoid process inflammation with displacement of the auricle in a child < /=2 years suspect?

Answer 48

Acute mastoiditis

Question 49

_____________ is a common cause of heel pain in children who play running or jumping sports. Tenderness at the base of the heel and with calcaneal compression are diagnostic findings.

Answer 49

Calcaneal apophysitis

Question 50

Wide anterior fontanelle, cleft lip and palate, and distal phalanges hypoplasia after in utero exposure to antiepileptic

Answer 50

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

Question 51

Cardiac sequelae of Kawasaki disease includes ____ and ______

Answer 51

Coronary artery aneurysm and ventricular dysfunction

Question 52

The most common cause of heavy regular menstrual bleeding is

Answer 52

Von willebrand disease

Question 53

Important risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 53

Prematurity and maternal diabetes mellitus

Question 54

Treatment of bullous impetigo is

Answer 54

Oral antibiotics

Question 55

Small, pruritic and erythematous papules often seen arranged in a linear pattern on exposed areas with each having a central hemorrhagic punctum

Answer 55

Bedbug bites

Question 56

Infants presents with fever, pain with hip movement and leukocytosis likely has __________

Answer 56

Septic arthritis

Question 57

How does the infant position the hip in septic arthritis

Answer 57

Hip is flexed, abducted and externally rotated.

Question 58

When should children transition from rear-facing car seat to forward facing car seat

Answer 58

When they surpass the maximum height or weight limit set by the manufacturers

Question 59

Treatment for minimal change disease

Answer 59

Highly responsive to corticosteroids

Question 60

Transient focal weakness or paralysis that occurs in the postictal phase after focal-onset (+/- secondary generalized ) seizure

Answer 60

Todd paralysis

Question 61

Todd paralysis usually resolves within _________

Answer 61

36 hours

Question 62

All preterm neonates born at < 32 weeks gestation should be screened by ___________ for ________

Answer 62

Cranial ultrasound Intraventricular hemorrhage

Question 63

Target sign on abdominal ultrasound

Answer 63

Intussusception

Question 64

Treatment of intussusception

Answer 64

Air or water enema

Question 65

_______ should be suspected in a returning travelers presenting with bloody diarrhea especially if greater than two weeks

Answer 65

Entamoeba histolytica infection

Question 66

Marfanoid body habitus + intellectual disability, downward dislocation of lens, hypercoagulability

Answer 66

Homocystinuria

Question 67

an autosomal dominant condition caused by a mutation of a tumor suppressor gene, leads to various neoplasms, including CNS and retinal hemangioblastomas, pheochromocytomas, and renal cell carcinomas.

Answer 67

Von Hippel-Lindau disease

Question 68

How does HIV infection in infancy present

Answer 68

Failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea Lymphadenopathy Opportunistic infections like pneumocystis pneumonia, severe thrush

Question 69

Bilateral lower extremities pains that occurs at night in children age 2-12 years

Answer 69

Growing pains

Question 70

Treatment of growing pains

Answer 70

Observation Parental reassurance Massage Over the counter pain medication

Question 71

What should be suspected in an infant with infantile spasm and has leaf spots?

Answer 71

Tuberous sclerosis complex

Question 72

Tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis complex

Answer 72

Subependymal giant cell tumor Cardiac rhabdomyomas Renal angiomyolipomas Retinal hermatomas

Question 73

Complications seen in small for gestational age infants

Answer 73

Hypocalcemia, polycythemia,hypoglycemia, hypoxia, hypothermia

Question 74

a capillary malformation (port-wine stain) along the trigeminal nerve distribution and leptomeningeal capillary-venous malformations affecting the brain and eye.

Answer 74

Sturge -Weber Syndrome

Question 75

Most common cancer in children and presents with signs of bone marrow failure

Answer 75

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 76

Presence of >25% lymphoblast in the bone marrow is confirmatory for

Answer 76

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 77

Complication of recurrent hemarthroses

Answer 77

Hemophilic arthropathy Associated with hemosiderin deposition leading to synovitis and fibrosis within the joint.

Question 78

Effect of coarctation of aorta in a neonate especially after closure of ductus arteriosus

Answer 78

Increased left ventricular afterload leading to neonatal cardiogenic heart failure