Pediatrics

Question 1

Normal fetal HR

Answer 1

100-180 beats/minute

Question 2

Number 1 cause of death in infants

Answer 2

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)

Question 3

Bacterial endocarditis cause in children

Answer 3

Poor dental hygiene

Question 4

Critical Congenital Heat Disease (CCHD)

Answer 4

Symptoms appear after shunts close

Question 5

Risks for developing CHD

Answer 5

1. Environment
2. Prenatal
3. Genetic factors

Question 6

Heart failure

Answer 6

Occurs when the cardiac output is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body

Question 7

Eisenmenger Syndrome

Answer 7

Reversal of shunting of a VSD, causing deoxygenated blood to flow into circulation

Question 8

Defects that cause hypoxemia/cyanosis

Answer 8

1. Lesions that cause R - L shunting
2. Defects mixing unsaturated w/ saturated blood
3. Transposition of great arteries

Question 9

Severe hypoxemia in infants

Answer 9

1. Feeding intolerance
2. Poor weight gain
3. Tachypnea/Dyspnea

Question 10

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 10

1. Vessel located b/w main and left pulmonary arteries
2. Allows blood to shunt from PA to aorta
3. Present in 5-10% of CHD

Question 11

Ventricular Septal Defect (SPD)

Answer 11

Abnormal communication between the ventricles

Question 12

Most common type of congenital heart lesion

Answer 12

VSD

Question 13

VSD cause which type of shunting?

Answer 13

Left to Right

Question 14

Symptoms of VSD

Answer 14

1. Murmur
2. HF
3. Poor weight gain

Question 15

Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect

Answer 15

Results from nonfusion of endocardial cushions

Question 16

AVCs are most common in

Answer 16

children with Trisomy 21

Question 17

Left to Right shunting causes

Answer 17

1. Increased pulmonary blood flow

2. HF

Question 18

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Answer 18

1. Large VSD high in septum
2. Overriding aorta that straddles VSD
3. Pulmonary stenosis
4. RV hypertrophy

Question 19

Most common cyanotic congenital heart defect

Answer 19

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Question 20

Tetralofy of Fallot (TOF) symptoms

Answer 20

1. Cyanosis
2. Clubbing (chronic)
3. Hypercyanotic spell
4. Slow growth

Question 21

Tricuspid atresia

Answer 21

Imperforate tricuspid valve

Question 22

Tricuspid atresia s/s

Answer 22

1. Central cyanosis
2. Poor growth
3. Exertional dyspnea
4. Hypoxemia

Question 23

Obstructive defects of heart

Answer 23

1. Coarctation of aorta
2. Aortic stenosis
3. Pulmonary stenosis

Question 24

Mixing defects of the heart

Answer 24

1. Transposition of great arteries
2. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
3. Truncus Arteriosus
4. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Question 25

Kawasaki Disease

Answer 25

Systemic vasculitis that results in cardiac sequelae

Question 26

Kawasaki Disease symptoms

Answer 26

1. Fever 2. Conjunctivitis 3. Strawberry tongue 4. Rash 5. Lymphadenopathy

Question 27

Kawasaki treatments

Answer 27

1. Aspirin 2. IVIG 3. Symptomatic treatment

Question 28

Systemic Hypertension secondary to

Answer 28

1. Renal disease 2. Cardiovascular disease 3. Adrenal tumors 4. Space-occupying lesions 5. Trauma 6. Drugs

Question 29

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) risk is highest

Answer 29

2-4 months of age