Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

National Physical Therapy Examination: Pediatrics > Pediatrics: Orthopedic Conditions > Flashcards

Pediatrics: Orthopedic Conditions Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Foot Progression Angle

A
  • Angle made by the foot with respect to a straight line progression in the direction of gait.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Foot Progression Angle

A
  • Can be normal
    • sign=toe out
    • sign=toe in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Thigh-foot angle

A
  • Angle between axis of thigh and axis of foot.
  • Measured with child prone and knees at 90 degrees.
  • The angle describes the degree of Tibial torsion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out

A
  • Toeing in is common among children who W sit.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Deformities: Metatarsus Adductus

A
  • Congenital foot deformity
  • More common in females
  • More common on the left side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Deformities: Metatarsus Adductus: Cause

A
  • Most common cause is intrauterine packing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Deformities: Metatarsus Adductus: Types

A
  • Rigid

- Flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Deformities: Metatarsus Adductus: Rigid

A
  • Medial subluxation of Tarsometatarsal Joints

- Hindfoot slightly in valgus with navicular lateral to head of talus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Deformities: Metatarsus Adductus: Flexible

A
  • Adduction of all five metatarsals at the tarsometatarsal joints.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Deformities: Metatarsus Adductus: Flexible: Diagnosis and Treatment

A
  • Diagnosed through clinical exam.
  • Treatment includes stretching and casting.
  • Surgical option to release of abductor hallucis tendon.
  • Strengthening and regaining proper alignment of the foot
  • 85-90% of cases identified at birth resolve by 1 year.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Internal Tibial Torsion

A
  • Most common cause of toeing in
  • High complication rate for osteotomy of Tibia
  • Associated with W sitting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Increased Femoral Anteversion

A
  • Femoral angle of greater than 25-30 degrees from the frontal plane
  • Associated with W sitting
  • Causes toeing in.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Increased Femoral Retroversion

A
  • Femoral angle of less than 10 degrees from the frontal plane.
  • Causes toeing out.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Other Causes of Toeing-Out

A
  • External Tibial Torsion

- Flat feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Torsional Conditions: Toeing in/Toeing out: Other Causes of Toeing-Out: External Tibial Torsion Correction

A
  • High complication rate with surgery.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Talipes Equinovarus/Clubfoot: Etiology

A
  • Intrauterine malposition causing

- Abnormal development of the head and neck of thetas due to hereditary or neuromuscular disorders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Talipes Equinovarus/Clubfoot: Observation

A
  • Foot will be
    • Plantar flexed
    • Adducted
    • Inverted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Talipes Equinovarus/Clubfoot: Anatomical changes

A
  • Planterflexion=Talocrural Joint
  • Inversion=Subtalar, Talocalcaneal, Talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints
  • Supination=Midtarsal Joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Talipes Equinovarus/Clubfoot: Diagnosis

A
  • Prenatal ultrasound
  • Lower quarter exam.
  • Affected foot will be. half size smaller and less movie.
  • Calf muscles will be smaller.
  • Bilateral 50% of the time.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Talipes Equinovarus/Clubfoot: Physical Therapy

A
  • Manipulation followed by casting
  • Stretching following casting
  • Orthosis throughout the day for up to 3 months
  • Orthosis at night for up to three years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Talipes Equinovarus/Clubfoot: Non-Postural Treatment

A
  • Surgery
  • Casting and Splinting
  • Possible Achilles tenotomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Angular Conditions: Genu Valgum

A
  • Excessive Lateral Tibial Torison
  • Referred to as knock knees
  • Accompanied by excessive LATERAL patellar position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Angular Conditions: Genu Varum

A
  • Excessive Medial Tibial Torsion
  • Referred to as Bowlegged.
  • Accompanied by excessive MEDIAL patellar position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Angular Conditions: Other

A
  • Excessive medial patellar tracking

- Pigeon toed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Angular Conditions: Age Norms
- Genu varum=normal in newborn and infants - Maximum varum at 6-12 months of age - 0 Tibiofemoral angle by 18-24 months. - Knees drift into valgus by 3-4 years - Valgus corrects at age 7 to an adult alignment. - 8 degrees in female and 7 degrees in males.
26
Angular Conditions: Diagnosis
- Imaging | - Clinical examination
27
Angular Conditions: Physical Therapy
- Decreased loading on the knee | - Maintenance of strength
28
Hip Dysplasia: Etiology
- Abnormality of the femoral head, acetabulum, or both. | - Can result in subluxations, dislocations or both
29
Hip Dysplasia: Risk Factors
- Females more often than males - Breech position - History - Low levels of amniotic fluid - Swaddling an infant too tightly
30
Hip Dysplasia: Diagnosis
- Ultrasound after 4 weeks. - Radiographs for infants 4-6 months. - Clinical Exam
31
Hip Dysplasia: Gold Standard Treatment
- Pavlik Harness
32
Hip Dysplasia: Other Treatment
- Maintain hip in flexion and abduction to maintain femoral head in acetabulum for newborns and 6 month olds - Closed reduction and anesthesia followed by spica castor 12 weeks for children 6 months to 2 years - Open reduction + spica cast for 6-12 weeks for children older than two years.
33
Hip Dysplasia: Physical Therapy
- Moderate exercise | - Maximize function
34
Transient Synovitis: Etiology
- Acute onset of sudden hip pain in children ages 3-10 | - Transient inflammation of the synovium of the hip
35
Transient Synovitis: Diagnosis
- Clinical exam showing decreased hip abduction and and internal rotation - Biopsy that shows effusion that causes bulging of the anterior joint capsule
36
Transient Synovitis: Signs and Symptoms
- Hip or groin pain that is unilateral - Less common is medial thigh or knee pain - Crying at night - Antalgic limp - Child does not commonly have hip pain. - Recent history of upper respiratory infection.
37
Transient Synovitis: Treatment
- NSAIDS and rest while healing.
38
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Etiology
- Blood supply interrupted to the femoral head - Age of onset between 2-13 years of age - Higher likelihood in males than females
39
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Diagnosis
- MRI showing positive bony crescent sign
40
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Clinical exam
- Psoatic limp due to weakness of poses major - Moves in external rotation, flexion, adduction - Gradual onset of aching in hip, thigh, or knee - AROM limited in abduction and extension
41
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Treatment
- Acetominophin - NSAIDS - Casting - Surgery
42
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Physical Therapy
- Joint/bone protection - Maintain/improve joint mechanics/connective tissue function - Implementation of conditioning activities - Post surgical interventions, regaining functional flexibility, improving strength, endurance, coordination, and gait
43
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Etiology
- Unknown etiology | - Most common hip disorder in adolescents
44
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Etiology
- Femoral head is displaced posteriorly and inferiorly in relation to the femoral neck and within the acetabulum
45
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Etiology: Age of Onset
- Onset in males is 10-17 years with average onset of 13 years - Onset in females 8-15 years with average onset at 11 years - More common in males than females
46
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Diagnosis
- AROM restricted in abduction, flexion, and internal rotation - Patient described pain as vague at knee thigh and hip - Trendelemberg Gait - Imaging shows positive displacement of upper femoral epiphysis.
47
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Treatment
- Operative internal fixation
48
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Physical Therapy
- Joint/bone protection strategies - Maintain/improve joint mechanics and connective tissue functions - Implementation of conditioning programs - Flexibility - Improving strength - Endurance - Coordination - Gait
49
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Osgood-Schlatter Disease: Etiology
- Mechanical dysfunction resulting in apophysitis of the Tibial Tubercle at the patellar tendon insertion.
50
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Osgood-Schlatter Disease: Diagnosis
- Radiograph | - Clinical examination
51
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Osgood-Schlatter Disease: Treatment
- Occasionally surgery
52
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Osgood-Schlatter Disease: Physical Therapy
- Modify activities to prevent excessive stress to irritated site - Flexibility
53
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Sever's Disease: Etiology
- Most common cause of heel pain in children occurs before or during peak growth spurt - Caused by repetitive micro trauma due to increased traction by the achilles tendon on the insertion site - Bilateral 60% of the cases
54
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Sever's Disease: Diagnosis
- Imaging
55
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Sever's Disease: Treatment
- Temporary cessation of running/jumping activities | - Heel lifts/heel cups
56
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Sever's Disease: Physical Therapy
- Stretching | - Strengthening
57
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Sinding-Larsen-Johannson's Disease: Etiology
- Traction apophysists at the patella/patellar tendon junction. - Overuse injury due to repeated stresses can occur after significant growth spurt or increased activities.
58
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Sinding-Larsen-Johannson's Disease: Diagnosis
- Radiographs | - Clinical examination
59
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Sinding-Larsen-Johannson's Disease: Treatment
- Temporary cessation of activities
60
Tendon Lengthening Conditions: Sinding-Larsen-Johannson's Disease: Physical Therapy
- Stretching and strengthening | - Activity modifications
61
Growing Pains/Benign Nocturnal pains of childhood: Etiology
- Unknown etiology - Possibly muscular fatigue - Poor posture - Stress
62
Growing Pains/Benign Nocturnal pains of childhood: Etiology
- No evidence linking growing pains to growing | - Most likely between the ages of 3-5 and 8-11
63
Growing Pains/Benign Nocturnal pains of childhood: Diagnosis
- Clinical exam - Increased pain at night - Typically bilateral leg pain - Not associated with redness, temperature, swelling and tenderness
64
Growing Pains/Benign Nocturnal pains of childhood: Treatment
- Pain management

National Physical Therapy Examination: Pediatrics (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions