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OBGYN, PSYCH, PEDS > Peds 1 > Flashcards

Peds 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

perianal pruritus and erythema, vulvar eyrthema

A

pinworm (helminth), tx with albendazole or pyrantel pamoate

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2
Q

is atrophic glossiitis present in many nutriend deficiencies?

A

yes

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3
Q

when this nutriend is low, you get macrocytic anemia, glossitis, neuropyshc sx (paresthesias, depression)

A

B12

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4
Q

4 causes of Pellagra

A

Alcohol, Anorexia, GI malabsorption (Crohns) and Low Dietary Intake

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5
Q

This syndrome can result in coarctation of aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, horseshoe kidney and streak ovaries with amenorrhea and infertility

A

turners

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6
Q

FTT, bilateral cataracts, jaundice, hypoglycemia

A

galactosemis

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7
Q

bruising, LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, petechia, mucosal bleeding

A

ALL, can impact platelet function in addition to causing anemia and neutropenia

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8
Q

prevention and tx or gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

prevention = erythromycin eye ointment, tx = IM ceftriazone or cefotaxime

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9
Q

what 4 clinical findings can be found on all congenital infections?

A

intrauterine growth restriction, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, blueberry muffin spots

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10
Q

periventricular calcifications

A

CMV

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11
Q

diffuse intracerebral calcifications

A

toxo

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12
Q

rhinorrhea (snuffles) abnormal long-bone radiographs (metaphyseal lucencies), rash

A

syphillis

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13
Q

this type of newborn jaundice is due to suboptimal breastfeeding

A

breastfeeding jaundice

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14
Q

scabies tx

A

permethrin or oral ivermectin

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15
Q

on evaluation of a newborn’s head, you detect firm scalp swelling that does not cross the suture lines. What is it?

A

Cephalohematoma/ subperiosteal hemorrhage

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16
Q

1 day old with acute onset cyanosis and no response to oxygen

A

PDA-dependent congenital heart disease; given Prostaglandin E1 to keep open

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17
Q

5 types of PDA-dependent congenital heart disease

A 
Coarctation of the aorta
D-transposition of the great arteries
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Tricuspid atria
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18
Q

What facilitates PDA closure

A

indomethacin

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19
Q

pinworm tx

A

pyrantel pamoate or albendazole

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20
Q

workup for wilson disease

A

ceruloplasmin levels, 24 hr urinary copper excretion, ocular slit lamp examination

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21
Q

These two diseases present in 2-6 m.o. and result in hypotonia, feeding difficulties, loss of motor milestones and the children will have cherry-red macula

A

Niemann Pick and Tay Sachs

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22
Q

Unlike Tay Sachs, Niemann Pick presents with ____ and _____ and is the result of ______ deficiency

A

Niemann pick = hepatosplenomegaly, areflexia, Sphingomyelinase deficiencey

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23
Q

4 emergency contraception options

A

Copper IUD
Ulipristal pill
Levonorgestrel pill
OCPs

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24
Q

These 3 emergnecy contraception options delay ovulation

A

ulipristal, levonorgestrels, OCPs (all progestin derivatives)

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25
4 causes of exudative effusions
Empyema Chylothroax Malignancy Tuberculosis
26
organism in cellulitis of kid with SCD
salmonella
27
3 muscular dystrophies
Duchenne Becker Myotonic
28
These 2 muscular dystrophies are XLR
Duchenne and Becker
29
This muscular dystophie typically onsets 2-3 y.o., the youngest of all
Duchenne
30
This muscular dystrophy presents in 12-30 yo with fascial weakness, dysphagia, and hand grip myotonia
Myotonic
31
``` The following meds can trigger hemolysis in _____: Diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone) Isobutyl nitrite Nitrofurantoin Primaquine Rasburicase ```
G6PD deficiency
32
Short, macules of varying colors, abnormal thumbs, GU abnormalities
Fanconi anemia (inherited DNA repair defect)
33
Is Fanconi anemia the most common congenital cause of aplastic anemia (pancytopenia)?
YES - AR disorder caused by a DNA repair defect
34
What are bleeding and bruising a sign of?
thrombocytopenia
35
macrocytic anemia, craniofacial anomalies, triphalangeal thumbs
diamond blackfan anemia
36
can anemia result in a flow murmur?
yes
37
eczema, thrombocytopnia, hypogammaglobulinemia
wiskott-aldrich syndrome - X-linked
38
precocious puberty with nl bone age and isolated breast development
premature thelarche
39
premature adrenarch
child with precocious pubic hair development and normal bone age
40
Endocardial cushion defect, Umbilical hernia, Duodenal atresia, Alzheimers, and Hirschsprung
Downs Syndrome
41
Child determine to have choanal atresia, what else to look for?
``` CHARGE syndrome Coloboma (missing eye tissue) Heart defects Atresia of choanea Retardation of growth Genital abnormalities Ear abnormalities ```
42
sx of pellagra (niacin deficiency)
Diarrhea, Dermatitis (like sunburn), Dementia (also depression, distraction), Death
43
Causes of Bell Palsy
HSV and Lyme
44
What does Hib vaccine protect against
epiglottitis, pneumonia, AOM, meningitis
45
What is MCHC
meausre of Hg concentation in each RBC (decreased in iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia; increased in hereditary spherocytosis)
46
XLR, factor VIII deficiency, hemarthrosis
Hemophilia A
47
purpura, arhtritis, abdominal pain, intussusception, renal disease, IgA mediation vasculitis
HSP
48
impaired oxidative burst, recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, infxn with catalase + bacteria (s. aureus, serratia)
chronic granulomatous disease
49
hypocalcemia, cardiac defects, FTT, recurrent infections, thymic hypoplasia, dysmoprhic fascies
DiGeorge Syndrome
50
impaired T cell development, severe recurrent viral, fungal and bacterial infections
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency/ SCID
51
absent lymphoid tissues, absent serum Ig, recurrent sinopulmonary and GI infections, no B cell development due to tyrosine kinase deficiency
x-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)
52
4 causes of bilious emesis
meconium ileus, hirschsprung, malrotation, duodenal atreisa
53
bilious emesis, GI series with corkscrew
malrotation with midgut volvulus
54
double bubble on XR
duodenal atresia
55
bloody diarrhea followed by fatigue and pallor, labs indicate hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and AKI
HUS due to shiga toxin
56
recent skin or throat infection, now hematuria, HTN and AKI
PSGN
57
ADHD first line tx
STIMULANTSmethylphenidate, amphetatmines
58
ADHD but doesn't want a stimulant
atomextine, alpha 2 adrenergic agonists
59
cause of croup
parainfluenza
60
cause of epiglottitis
haemophilus influenza
61
cause of bronchiolitis
RSV
62
should children with SCD be given twice daily ppx penicillin up to age of 5 for protection against encapsulated organisms?
YES
63
vaccine for SCD
s pneumo
64
high arches, cardiomyopathy, scoliosis, ataxia, AR with GAA repeats
friedreich ataxia
65
recent salmonella or chlamydia infection followed by arthritis of lower extremities
reactive arthritis
66
examples of IgE mediated hypersensitivity reactions
anaphylaxis and urticaria
67
examples of T cell and macrophage mediation hypersensitivity reaction
contact dermatitis | Tuberculin skin reaction
68
aspirin during viral infection, encephalopathy, acute liver failure with microvesicular steatosis, transaminitis, coagulopathy (elevated PT, INR and PRR), hyperammonemia
Reye syndrome
69
age of onset gonococcal vs chlamydial conjunctivitis
``` gonococcal = 2-5 days (tx is IM cephalopsporin) Chalmydia = 5-14 days (tx if PO macrolide) ```
70
turns blue and loss of consciousness with exercise, temper tantrums, crying
TofF
71
gastrochisis vs omphalocele
omphalocele = sac
72
omphalocele, macrosomia, macroglossia
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
73
Is gastrochisis typically an isolated defect?
Yes
74
periodid belly pain, sausage shaped mass RUQ, target sign on US, tx with air or contrast enema
intussusception
75
rash of posterior auricular LAD
rubella
76
high fever, cough, coryza, conjuncitinivits, rash
measles
77
what is a SGA baby at risk of
meconium aspiration, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypoxial, perinatal asphyxiation, hypocalcemia, plycythemia,
78
children with SCD are at particular risk of sepsis with these 3 bugs
s. pneumo h. influenza n. meningitidis
79
why are pt < 5 with SCD given ppx penicillin
protect against s. pneumo which can lead to spesis
80
is a CT required prior to LP in a young child with open fontanelles during workup of suspected meningitis
nope, fontanelle is a pop-off valve allowing room for increased ICP
81
these two immunodeficiencies present with absent lymphoid tissues
SCID and XLA
82
these two immunodeficiencies prsent with recurrent sinopulmonary infxn and GI
XLA and CVID
83
In contrast to XLA, CVID presents ___
less severe, at older age, and with nl T and B cell counts
84
tx for XLA
serum Ig
85
tx for SCID
stem cell transplant
86
defective T cell deve
SCID
87
defective B cell development
XLA
88
isotonic solutions (NS) for volume resusciation?
YES, hypotonic can lead to electrolyte derangement and cerebral edema
89
rx mgmt of primary noctural enuresis
desmopressin
90
pH, glucose, and WBC that indicate complication bacterial invasion
pH < 7.2 Glucose < 60 WBC > 50,000
91
RDS risk factors
prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, maternal diabetes, c-section w/o labor
92
cholesteatoma
benign growth of squamous epithelium and accumulatino of keratin debris - seen as pearly white mass, may develop conductive hearing loss

OBGYN, PSYCH, PEDS (8 decks)

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