Peds Flashcards
Rooting reflex
Age appears?
Age disappears?
How to elicit?
Response?
Birth
3-4mo
Head midline, stroke perioral area
Infant opens mouth and turns head to stimulated side
Suck-swallow reflex
Age appears?
Age disappears?
How to elicit?
Response?
Birth
3-4mo
Place nipple or finger 3 to 4 cm into mouth
Suck should be strong: push finger up and back; note rate
Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
Age appears?
Disappears?
How to elicit?
Response?
Birth
4-6mo
With baby supine, turn head to one side; hold 15 sec
Arm and leg extend on facial side; arm and leg flex on skull side
Palmar Grasp
Birth
3-6 mo
Press finger into infants palm and press against palm
Infant flexes all fingers around examiner’s finger (grabs finger)
Galant reflex (trunk incurvation)
Birth
2mo
Suspend baby prone; stroke 2 to 3 cm from spine with fingernail (the paraspinals)
Baby flexes towards stimulus/side being stroked
Stepping reflex
Birth
6-8 weeks
Infant is held as though weight bearing with feet on surface
Infant steps along, raising one foot at a time (step-like movements)
Moro reflex
Birth
4mo
Present loud noise or allow infant’s head to drop slightly
Arms spread and fingers extend and then flex; then arms come toward each other; cry is possible
Crossed extension reflex
0-4 mo
No info on age disappears?
Passively extend one leg and press knee to table; prick sole of that foot with pin
Pricked foot leg curls up and other leg should slightly extend and adduct
Plantar Grasp
Birth
8-10 mo
Place finger firmly against base of toes
Toes should curl down
Landau reflex
3 mo
15 mo-2yr
Suspend infant prone by supporting abdomen
Infant should lift both head and legs
(“Superman”)
Neck righting reflex
6mo
2yr
With infant supine, turn head to one side
Infant’s trunk rotates in direction of head
Parachute reflex
6-8 mo
Never disappears
Suspend infant prone and lower quickly toward table
Infant should extend arms, hands, and fingers
Apgar scoring system
What do the letters stand for?
Tests for what and when is it done?
A-Activity (muscle tone)
P-Pulse (heart rate)
G-Grimace (reflex irritability)
A-Appearance (skin color)
R-Respiration (breathing effort)
*Performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
1 min- how well baby tolerated birthing process
5 min- how well baby is doing outside mother’s womb
Apgar scoring: how are points given for each category?
0, 1, or 2 points
Activity- Absent (0), Flexed arms and legs(1), Active (2)
Pulse- Absent, Below 100bpm, Over 100bpm
Grimace- Floppy, Minimal response to stimulation, Prompt response to stimulation
Appearance- Blue;pale, Pink body;blue extremities, Pink
Respiration- Absent, Slow and regular, Vigorous cry
Trunk righting reaction
Baby supine, flex and rotate leg
Baby’s trunk and head follow in one movement
Protective extension
Extremity movements in response to rapid displacement of body
(Ex. Arms reach behind if pushed backward)
Most advanced of postural reactions:
_____ reactions
Equilibrium reactions
*head/trunk righting, weight shifting, leg extension
Head righting reaction
Tilt or rotate body in relationship to gravity- baby will right their head position
Motor milestones
Head control: No head lag by __ months
Segmental rolling: __-__ months
Sitting: __-__ months
Crawling/creeping: __-__ months
Cruising: __-__ months
Walking: __-__ months
4 6-8 6-8 8-9 10-11 12-18
5 characteristics of lifespan concept:
Lifelong-development is not completed at a specific age but occurs from birth to death
Multidimensional- Interaction of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes influences in individual’s development. These changes can be gains or losses throughout life.
Plasticity-There are many possible developmental outcomes, no single course of development
Embedded in History- The broader environmental, social, and cultural context of the person/generation impacts development (mind, body, and social)
Multicausal or multidisciplinary- Recognition that not a single theory or discipline can fully explain human development
Developmental time periods:
Infancy: Birth- __ y.o.
Childhood: __-__ years (females), __-__ years (males)
Adolescence: __-__ years (females), __-__ years (males)
Early Adulthood: 18/__-__ years
Middle Adulthood: 47-__/__ years
Older Adult: __/__ years-death
Birth-2
2-10, 2-12
10-18, 10-20
18/20-40 years
47-65/70 years
65/70 years-death
Motor development is “________”
Sequential
Developmental sequence:
Head control, rolling, sitting creeping, walking
Concepts of motor development:
Cephalic to Caudal- ___ control before ___ control
Proximal to Distal- Stable ___ to allow for limb movement; proximal stability before distal skill
*there are more concepts than just these
Head control before trunk control
Stable trunk
