PEDS

Question 1

Aorta his the first hump of the left heart border…what is the second?

Answer 1

pulmonary artery trunk

Question 2

When does the neonatal thymus widen on imaging?

Answer 2

expiration

Question 3

If the right lobe of the thymus insinuates into the minor fissure you get the sail sign, what differentiates this from the Spinnaker sail sign?

Answer 3

air between it and the heart

Question 4

is diffuse pulmonary disease caused by medical causes or surgical causes?

Answer 4

medical causes

Question 5

is distress secondary to space-occupying mass that compresses lung parenchyma caused by medical causes or surgical causes?

Answer 5

surgical causes

Question 6

in diffuse pulmonary disease, what is the characteristic of higher volumes? what is it caused by (3)? does it happen in term or preterm infants?

Answer 6

streaky perihilar densities

meconium, transient tachypnea of newborn, neonatal pneumonia

term

Question 7

in diffuse pulmonary disease, what is the characteristic of lower volumes? what is it caused by (3)? does it happen in term or preterm infants?

Answer 7

granular opacities

surfactant deficiency, beta-hemolytic strep

preterm infants

Question 8

in meconium aspiration is it unilateral or bilateral? regular or irregular? coarse or granular?

Answer 8

bilateral, irregular, coarse

Question 9

airblock from meconium aspiration can lead to what in 20-40% cases?

Answer 9

pneumothorax

Question 10

transient tachy of newborn is frequent in what population? findings on CXR are analogous to what?

Answer 10

cesarean section

pulmonary edema

Question 11

what is the difference in cxr of chlamydia from beta-strep?

Answer 11

beta strep is more of a distinctive granular with diffuse opacities

Question 12

What are 3 characterisitcs of surfactant deficient disease?

Answer 12

low lung volumes
ground/glass,
air bronchograms

Question 13

bronchopulmonary dysplasia looks like what?

Answer 13

coarse markings, asymmetric aeration, bubble like lucencies

Question 14

what should we think if inspiration and expiration leave one lobe of the lung the same size?

Answer 14

ball and valve foreign body aspiration

Question 15

after birth, when does gas reach stomach, small bowel, colon?

Answer 15

Gas in stomach by 10-15 min, in proximal small bowel by 30-60 min, in colon/rectum within 24 hrs.

Question 16

True- children have more gas in bowels than adults?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

In oneumoperitoneum, what are some of the causes?

Answer 17

Causes: hollow viscus perforation, NEC, distal obstruction, dissection of pneumomediastinum, iatrogenic (NGT), trauma, infection

Question 18

how do we confirm pneumoperitoneum of a PA film?

Answer 18

LLD

Question 19

What is the football sign made up of?

Answer 19

falciform ligament surrounded by air

Question 20

What is rigler’s sign?

Answer 20

gas on both sides of bowel

Question 21

what is telltale triangle?

Answer 21

gas between 2 loops of bowel and the abdominal wall- usually seen lateral

Question 22

does diffuse opaqueness mean pneumoperitoneum?

Answer 22

no- diffuse lucency

Question 23

what are symptoms of NEC?

Answer 23

abdominal distension, bloody diarrhea, increased gastric aspirates, metabolic acidosis, shock

Question 24

what are the imaging findings of NEC?

Answer 24

Asymmetric dilated loop of bowel, pneumatosis intestinalis, portal venous air, perforation

Question 25

what are some causes of high bowel obstruction in neonates?

Answer 25

Malrotation with midgut volvulus Duodenal atresia/stenosis Duodenal web Jejunal atresia

Question 26

what is low bowel obstruction in neonates commonly due to?

Answer 26

meconium lots of small bowel air will be seen hirschsprungs meconium ileus ileal atresia

Question 27

In children, the bowel obstruction acronym AAIIMM stands for what?

Answer 27

``` adhesions appi intuss incarcerated inguinal hernia meckel's malrotation ```

Question 28

what is a horizontal fracture through the proximal metatarsal called?

Answer 28

jone's fracture