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PEDS Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

anaphylaxis+ transfusion+minor+ history of GI infections

A

IgA deficiency

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2
Q

live vaccine

A

MMR, intranasal influenza, varicella, rotavirus

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3
Q

HSV

A

“cold sore”

vesicle on erythematous base

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4
Q

Varicella zoster

A

early: chicken pox
reactivated: shingles
- painful vesicles on erythematous base in dermatome distribution

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5
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

KUB show dilated proximal and normal distal colon

contrast enema for transition point

rectal sunction bx to confirm dx with absence of ganglia

resect distal colon

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6
Q

asthma exacerbation

A 
oxygen 
albuterol 
ipratropium 
dex 
mag 
if acidotic after that => INTUBATE!!!
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7
Q

VSD

A

LSB holosytolic murmur
echo (for sizing)
reassurance until 1 yo
after 1 yo surgery if size and s/s

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8
Q

bacterial sinusitis

A

dx based off s/s

tx augmentin

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9
Q

SCFE

A

fat kid +growth spurt+ knee pain

dx- x ray

always check contra side

tx- bed rest,, surgical stabilization

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10
Q

Legg Calve Perthes

A 
ichemia and osteonec of femoral head 
~6 yo 
insidious onset of limp 
dx- x ray
tx- casting and non-weight bearing
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11
Q

imperforate anus

A

cross table imaging at 24hrs

distances <1cm uncomplicated

VACTERL eval

echo + NG: for TE fistula and cardiac anomalies

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12
Q

meconium ileus

A
  • ground glass appearance of stool on X-ray
    1) GI decompression
    2) contrast enema (dx and tx)
  • associated w/ CF
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13
Q

Intussusception

A 
often preceded by GI bug 
get colicky abdominal pain
currant jelly stools 
dx= abdominal US 
dx/Tx= air enema

IF progresses to constant abdominal pain with systemic s/s

  • bowel ischemic
  • tx= laparoscopy
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14
Q

Omphalocele

A

shiny, thin, membranous sac at base of umbilical cord

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15
Q

Exstrophy of bladder

A

moist, red, mucosal membrane below umbilicus and midline

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16
Q

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

A 
ppx= topical erythromycin 
active= IV/IM ceftriaxone

common on day 2-7
purulent
bilateral

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17
Q

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

active= erythromycin po

common on days 5-14
watery discharge
unilateral in beginning

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18
Q

High risk BRUEs

A

under 2 months
less than 4 weeks post conceptional
multiple episodes (* >1minute)

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19
Q

choanal atresia

A

persistence of membrane in nasopharynx obstructing blood flow

unilateral, less severe => s/s during URI or feeding

dx= pass catheter through nose to see if it comes out oropharynx
aka fiber optic eval of nasopharynx

tx= surgery

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20
Q

Breast milk vs breast feeding jaundice

A 
Breast MILK
- normal feeding 
- BM 
- staying hydrated aka wet diapers 
\++therefore defect in mom's milk 
\++quality an issue

Breast FEEDING
- poor feeding
- decreased stooling
++quantity an issue

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21
Q

Absence seizure

A 
LOC w/o post-ictal or loss of motor 
does not recall event 
disrupted school performance 
blinking 
tx= ethosuximide
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22
Q

Scoliosis work up

A 
Adam's forward bend test (screen) 
Back x-ray (confirm) 
back braces (treatment)
surgical referral (treatment)
PFTs (if pt s/s or severe disease)
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23
Q

Tetanus

A 
\+bind to pre-S in NMJ 
spastic paralysis 
lockjaw (cannot swallow) 
consider intubation and sedation to protect airway 
tx= tetanus vaccine and tetanus IVIG
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24
Q

pyloric sphincter

Study These Flashcards
A

olive mass
projectile NBNB vomiting
hypoK, hypoCl, alkalosis
tx= pyloromyotomy

25
apnea of prematurity
neonates < 35 weeks true apnea >/= 20 seconds correlate to drop in O2 and brady tx= caffeine and/or NIPPV
26
Infleunza vaccine
``` IIV= inactivated LAIV= live intranasal RIV= zero egg, for >18yo ```
27
Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis
aka mongolian spot ** Latin American and East Asian population uncomplicated birth, growing healthy baby not raised ~ bruising
28
Foreign body ingestion
wheezing, drooling dx/tx= rigid bronchoscopy Coin Sign - visible on lateral not AP xray
29
Down syndrome
holosystolic murmur at LSB= VSD upslanting palpebral fissure single transverse palmar crease duodenal atresia early onset Alzheimer's low IQ rare= endocardial cushion defect (ASD+VSD)
30
peritonsillar abscess
I&D + Abx | - coverage for staph, GAS, and anaerobes
31
Reye syndrome
aspirin => hepatic dysfunction | - encephalopathy (NH3 mediated)
32
Ewing sarcoma
boneCA+shaft+child **onion skinning w/ lytic appearance+ periosteal elevation t(11;22) fever, leukocytosis, anemia, elevated ESR, long bone pain
33
sickle cell required vaccinations
pts aslpenic therefore at risk for infection by capsulated organism - Strep pneumo (protected by conjugated capsular polysaccharide vaccine) - typeable H. flu
34
sickle cell treatment
hydroxyurea= induced fetal Hb, reduce severity and frequency of crises
35
diurnal enuresis
fistual or low implantation of ureter - continuous leakage - pt retains urge to void and can void on her own control or normal for upto 4yo
36
Osteosarcome
**sunburst pattern associated with Rb bone destruction > elevated alkaline phosphatase and LDH ABSENCE of fever, night sweats, or leukocytosis (more common with Ewing sarcoma)
37
Neiserria meningitis
C5-9 deficiency @risk no matter the immunization status
38
CF
``` recurrent URI due to impaired mucociliary ladder but low height and growth nasal polyps hypoxemic clubbing ```
39
sickle cell blood smear
Howell Jolly bodies= premature RBC w/ nucleus b/c spleen not functioning Sickled cells=
40
acute chest syndrome
when sickle cell patients start having severe s/s i.e. vaso-occlusive crisis tx= treat underlying infection return Hb back to base (may require exchange transfusion) oxygenate treat pain
41
tuberous sclerosis
febrile seizure that fails to remit - Ash-leaf lesion on back - CT= tubers, small benign tumors that can occur in multiple organ systems Sequelae is sebaceous adenoma, angiofibroma of face, mental retardation, seizures
42
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
- narrowing of ureter S/s= pain esp with diuresis (triggered by caffeine and EtOH) **infants and teens dx- in infants voiding cystourethrogram in teens renal US
43
parainfluenza
aka croup - viral prodrome > inspiratory stridor +seal like barking cough tx= racemic epi +dexa
44
epidural hematoma
unconscious for a period lucid interval lens shaped hematoma **MMA from trauma
45
lyme disease
CT erythema migrans adults tx= doxy pediatric tx= amoxicillin
46
TOF
cyanotic heart | diagnosis few months after birth
47
TOGA
diagnosed at birth cyanotic heart endomethacin ends the ductus prostaglandins prolong ducts aka support life
48
seizures
complex= alteration in mentation simple= no AMS partial=focal generalized= tonic-clonic full-body involvement
49
cryptoorchidism
wait 6 mo to see if it spontaneously descends - if not tack it down= orchiopexy be down by 6-18 months risk of testicular ca (treated or untreated)
50
Tetanus
if 3 lifetime doses of tetanus received, no Ig clean wound + tetanus in last 10 years= no booster dirty wound+ tetanus in last 5 years= no booster clean wound+ tetanus >10yrs= give booster dirty wound+ tetanus in >5yrs= give booster
51
EBV
``` aka mono cervical LAD pharyngitis splenomegaly ***rash if any penicillin used ```
52
BPD
surfactant allows for most clinical improvement | +Tx= steroids, mechanical ventilation
53
scabies
pruritic rash no response to topical diphenhydramine or aloe * * between webs of fingers * * axilla * * elbow tx= permethrin cream abs strict hand hygiene
54
Newborn hip problems
developmental dysplasia of hip - clicky or clunky hip @ risk= FH, oligo, breech - repeat US at 4-6 weeks
55
LAD
recurrent skin infections non-purulent drainage nitro blue+ (oxidative burst present) +leukocytes burst but cannot get where they want to
56
CGD
nitro blue NEG purulent drainage + leukocytes can get where they need to go but cannot burst
57
Chediak Higashi
neutropenia | albinism
58
TB
IGRA recommended only for >/=5 yo TST= still valid for interpretation
59
PDA
machine like murmur | non-cyanotic lesion

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