Peds Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
First week of delivery red eyes what diagnosis and best step in management?
A
Neisseria gonorrhea
Treat with ceftriaxone
2
Q
After one week of delivery red eyes what is the diagnosis and treatment?
A
Chlamydia trachomatis
Treat with oral erythromycin
3
Q
Red eyes After 3 wks of delivery what diagnosis and treatment?
A
Herpes simplex
Treat with systemic acyclovir and topical vidarabine
4
Q
The one vaccine every infant gets at birth
If the mother is HBsAg positive infant also gets hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)
A
Hepatitis B vaccine
5
Q
Diagnosis and Txt for TTN
A
Dx: CXR
Txt: Oxygen PPV if desaturating
6
Q
First step in management for a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia?
A
Intubation
7
Q
Asymptomatic flank mass
Hematuria
HTN
A
Wilm’s tumor
8
Q
Painful abdominal mass
Opsoclonus/myoclonus
Diarrhea
A
Neuroblastoma
9
Q
Three Holosystolic murmurs
A
MR
TR
VSD
10
Q
Four components of Tetrology of Fallot
A
Pulmonary Stenosis
VSD
Overriding aorta
RVH
11
Q
Most common cyanotic heart defect in neonates
A
Transposition of the Great Vessels (TGV)
12
Q
The most common cyanotic heart defect in children
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
13
Q
VSD May show this on EKG
A
RVH
14
Q
Best initial test in Esophageal atresia
A
CXR
15
Q
This is a concern for Esophageal atresia
A
Aspiration PNA
16
Q
Best initial step in choanal atresia?
A
Pass NG tube
17
Q
Most diagnostic step in choanal atresia
A
CT scan
18
Q
First initial step in management of choanal atresia?
A
Secure airway
19
Q
Best initial step in Duodenal Atresia?
A
CXR
Double bubble
20
Q
First step in management of duodenal atresia
A
IVF
21
Q
String sign in a child
A
Pyloric Stenosis
22
Q
Best initial test in pyloric Stenosis?
A
Abdominal US
23
Q
Most accurate test in Pyloric Stenosis?
A
Upper GI series
24
Q
Treatment for Pyloric Stenosis
A
IVF
NG tube
Pyloromyotomy
25
Best initial test for Hirschsprung Disease
CXR
26
Most accurate test for Hirschsprung Disease
Rectal suction biopsy
27
Abdominal pain
Bilious vomiting
90% occur during 1st year of life
Volvulus
28
Best initial step in diagnosing volvulus?
Upper GI series
29
Management of Volvulus
Decompression of gut
IVF
Surgery
30
What is a pt with a volvulus is decompensating?
Start Abx
31
Colicky abdominal pain
Bilious vomiting
Currant jelly stool
Sausage like mass
Intussusception
32
Best initial test for Intussusception?
US
33
Most accurate test in Intussusception?
Air contrast barium enema
34
First step in Intussusception?
IVF and correction of electrolytes
35
US shows Doughnut sign
Intussusception
36
Treatment of Intussusception
Air enema
37
Painless rectal bleeding in an infant
Meckel’s Diverticulum
38
Child born severely premature with low birth weight
Vomiting and abdominal distension
Frank or occult blood in stool
Fever or hypothermia
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
39
Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Abdominal XRay
| Pneumatosis intestinalis
40
Treatment for necrotizing Enterocolitis
```
Abx
NG tube
NPO
IVF
Watch lactate
Perf or necrosis emergency surgery
```
41
Electrolyte abnormalities of infants born to diabetic mothers
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperphosphatemia
42
```
Increased aldosterone
Decreased cortisol
Decreased sex hormones
Hypertensive
Hypokalemia
```
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 17a hydroxylase deficiency
43
```
Decreased aldosterone
Decreased cortisol
Increased sex hormones
Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
```
21-a-hydroxylase def
44
```
Decreased aldosterone
Decreased cortisol
Increased sex hormones
Increased 11-DOC
HTN
```
11-b hydroxylase def
45
Best initial test for Lead poisoning
Finger stick for cap blood lead level
46
Most accurate test for Lead poisoning
Venous blood lead level
47
Lead poisoning lifestyle changes and outpatient follow-up
Mild intoxication (<44mcg/dL)
48
Oral succimer as inpatient
Moderate intoxication (45-69mcg/dL)
49
IV dimercaprol
Severe intoxication (>70mcg/dL)
50
Most accurate test in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
Skin biopsy analyzed for collagen synthesis by culturing dermal fibroblast
51
Painful limp
Xrays show joint effusions and widening
Ages 2-8
Legg Calve Perthes disease(avascular necrosis of femoral head)
52
Painful limp externally rotated leg
Xrays show widening of joint space
Adolescence especially in obese pts
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
53
```
PDA
Cataracts
Deafness
Hepatosplenomegaly
Thrombocytopenia
Blueberry muffin rash
Hyperbilirubinemia
```
Rubella
54
Periventricular calcifications with microcephaly chorioretinitis hearing loss petechiae
CMV
55
Chorioretinitis hydrocephalus and multiple ring enhancing lesions on CT
Toxoplasmosis
56
Treatment for Toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
57
Treatment for CMV
Ganciclovir with signs of end organ damage
58
```
Sandpaper rash over trunk and extremities
Fever
Pharyngitis
Strawberry tongue
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Typically last 3 to 6 days
```
Scarlet fever
59
```
A child with more than 5 days of fever and 4/5 of the following criteria:
Rash
Mucositis
Edema or erythema of hands and feet
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Limbic sparing bilateral conjunctivitis
```
Kawasaki Dx
60
Treatment of Kawasaki Dx
IVIG and aspirin
61
Elevated WBC and platelet counts
Elevated transaminases
Elevated inflammatory markers
Anemia and pyuria
Kawasaki Dx
62
Should have echo at diagnosis and repeat echo 2-6 wks later to assess for coronary artery involvement
Kawasaki Dx
63
Invasive infection of the external auditory canal and skull base
Usually due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Malignant Otitis Externa
64
Best initial test for malignant otitis externa
CT scan of the skull base
65
Most accurate test for malignant otitis externa
Biopsy
66
Treatment for malignant otitis externa
Oral/IV ciprofloxacin or ceftazidime
67
Triad of barking cough, Coryza and stridor
Croup
68
Inflammation of upper airway including larynx and trachea(subglottic space) usually due to parainfluenza
Croup
69
CXR shows steeple sign
Croup
70
Mild: warm/cool mist
Moderate: steroids
Severe: racemic epi and steroids
Treatment for croup
71
```
Usually due to H. Influenzae b
Fever
Hot potato voice
Drooling
Tripod position
Refusal to lie flat
```
Epiglottis
72
Intubation
Ceftriaxone for 7 to 10 days
Rifampin to all close contacts
Epiglottis
73
Thumbprint sign on neck x Ray
Epiglottis
74
Bordetella pertusis
Pertusis whooping cough
75
```
Day 0 to 14
Rhinorrhea
Congestion
Most contagious period
Only time antibiotics are helpful to pt
Last 14 days
```
Catarrhal stage Pertussis
76
```
Day 14-45
Last 14-30 days
Severe coughing
Post-tussive emesis
Usually no fever
Abx prescribed to reduce transmissibility
```
Paroxysmal
| Pertussis
77
Day 45 to 60
Prolonged resolution of symptoms
Coughing fits remain less respiratory distress
Last 14 days
Convalescent
| Pertussis
78
Most symptomatic phase of Pertussis
Paroxysmal stage
79
Treatment for Pertussis
Azithromycin or erythromycin
80
Productive cough lasting 7-10 days with fever treatment is supportive
Bronchitis
81
```
Cervical adenopathy
Petechiae
Fever above 104
URI symptoms
Acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
Txt oral PCN 10 days
```
Pharyngitis
82
Gray pseudomembranous plaque on the pharyngeal wall
Diphtheria
83
Decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio
Asthma
84
Poor night vision
| Pseudo tumor cerebri
Vitamin A
85
Beriberi
Wermickes encephalopathy
Water soluble
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
86
Angular chelitis
Stomatitis
Glossitis
Water soluble
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
87
```
Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death
Water soluble
```
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
88
Burning feet syndrome water soluble
Vitamin B5 (panthothenic acid)
89
Peripheral Neuropathy
| Must be given with INH
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
90
Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Water soluble
Vitamin B 9 Folate
91
Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophil
Peripheral Neuropathy of the dorsal column tracts
Water soluble
Vitamin B 12 cyanocobalamin
92
```
Scurvy
Ecchymoses
Bleeding gums
Petechiae
Water soluble
```
Vitamin C
93
Rickets in children
Hypercalcemia
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Vitamin D
94
Increased PT/INR
Mild to severe bleeding
Analogous to warfarin
Vitamin K
95
Teenage girl presents with delayed puberty and incidentally found to have an elevated BP
17-a-hydroxylase def CAH
96
Treat with Vitamin D and calcium supplements
Rickets
97
Intermittent abdominal pain
Irritability
Peripheral Neuropathy
Learning disability and behavioral problem
Intervention is needed of the value is >10mcg/dL
Lead poisoning
98
Inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity
Osgood Schlatter Dx
99
Young child with repeated fractures caused by fragile bones, blue sclera, and early deafness
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
100
Pavlik harness
Treatment for congenital hip dysphasia
101
Treatment for neonatal sepsis
Ampicillin and gentamicin
102
GBS
E. Coli
Listeria
Early causes of neonatal sepsis
103
Staphylococci
E.coli
GBS
Late causes of neonatal sepsis
104
Best initial test for toxoplasmosis
Elevated IgM
105
Most accurate test for Toxoplasmosis
PCR
106
Best initial test for syphilis
VDRL/RPR
107
Most accurate test for syphilis
FTA ABS or dark field microscopy
108
Best initial test for Rubella
Maternal IgM
109
Best initial test for CMV
Urine or saliva viral titers
110
Most accurate test for CMV
Urine or saliva PCR for viral DNA
111
Diagnosis: acute hip pain with limited ROM in obese 12-year-old
SCFE
112
SCFE has what main complication if not treated properly?
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
113
How is SCFE diagnosed?
Hip XR
| Controversial: frog-leg position
114
How is SCFE managed?
```
Non weight-bearing
Internal fixation (pinning)
```
(Even with appropriate treatment patients may develop AVN, osteoarthritis)
