peds again Flashcards
1
Q
MMRV reaction
A
rash fever swelling erthema irrabilty restlness so dont need to bring to clinic if these are the symtoms but DO ASK WHAT THE TEMP IS
2
Q
when to be careful with MMRV symtoms
A
fever can sometimes lead to febrile seizures so determine the childs temp to evalute the risk
-adm actea for fever above 102 F
3
Q
time frame of when MMRV symtoms occur
A
5-12 days
4
Q
school age children
A
posess concrtete thinking
and fear losing control
5
Q
when adm injection to shcool age do
A
task based coping and speicific
- count loudly
- breathe deeply
6
Q
adm injection to toddler
A
hide it
7
Q
ability to use spoon
A
18 months
8
Q
copying shapes
A
5 year olds
9
Q
autism 2 core symtoms
A
abnormalities ins ocial interations and communicaiton (verba and nonvernal)
-patterns of behavior, interests, or activities that can be restricted and repetitive.
10
Q
what is often devlaye in autism
A
social skills escapilly communiaction
11
Q
healthy 2 year old vocab
A
300 words and should be able to string 2 or more words together in a meaningful phrase
12
Q
children with austism behavior whne playing
A
resricted interest in and peoccuptation with a single toy , repetive behaviors when plahing with tor and insist on the same play routine
13
Q
finger grasp dev what age
A
8-10 months and this is the time to start offering small finger foods such as crackers and cut up pieces
14
Q
important qusetio to ask autism
A
how many words
15
Q
allergenic foods can be introduced when
A
4-6 months (eggs, fish , pb)
16
Q
whole milk
A
12 months and its WHOLE MILK not low fat
17
Q
involntary bedeweeting aka noctural enuresis
A
nonpharm should be done first
18
Q
noctureal enrusis mangment
A
-limit caff and sugar
-void before going to bed
-avoid punishing, scolding or ridiculing the child
-encourage child to assist with changing soiled pajamas and linens
-postive reinforcements (calender showing wet and dry night rewards)
=awaken the child nightly at specific time to void
-use an enursis alarm
19
Q
what should parents avoid with noctural enursis
A
avoid disposable training pants and diapers at bedtime because this deicosrges motication to get up and void
-dont restrict fluids throughout the day, only after the evening meals.
20
Q
by 7 months
A
bear their full weight by standing wtih support and sit with minimal support from their hands (tripod poistion)
-can roll over
21
Q
prone to sitting position
A
10 months
22
Q
pull themselves up into stadning poustion
A
9-10 months
23
Q
walking while holding on to furniture
A
11 months
24
Q
puzzles
A
app for school age (6-12)
25
stack blocks
toddler (1-3)
26
infleunza vistors
facemask before entering room
27
contact with peers
adolscent (12-19)
28
failure to thrive
low eight and height ration
| falling below 5 th percitle
29
risk factors for FTT
young parnt age
- unplanned or unwanted preg
- lower educaiton
- single parent
- social isolatio
- chronic life stresses and anxiety
- substance abse
- domestiv violence
- povety
- parents with negative peception of child
30
what is not riskf actor for FTT
parent working outside of the home
| -having sibilings
31
pediatric clients who consume vegan diet are at risk for
nutritonal deficienciens (protein, calories, calcium, vit D, iron, vit b12)
32
icp
vomitng
headache
vision changes
changes in mental status
33
impact of shaking causes
bleeding within the brain or eyes
34
why is it common for disogniss of shaken baby syndrome to go unnoticded
```
vimiting
irratbility
lethagy
inability to suck or eat
seizures
inconsable cruing
-often no external signs of trauma except for ocassional small burises on the chest or upper arms where they were held
```
35
hearing impairment causes
fam history
infection
meds
congenital disorder
36
toddlers with hearing deificts appear
```
shy
timid
withdrawn
avoid social interacton
may seen inattentive
--appear dreamy
-speech montone where it is diff to understand
=talk loud
-use gestures and faical expression
```
37
mama and dada
by 7 months
38
when to ,make referal for hearing test
absence of well formed syllabues by 11 months or inteligble speech not present by 24 months
39
fantasy play with puppets
preschool becuase of imaginary play and magical thinking
40
school age deal with what stage of eriksoton
inducstry vs inferiority so they like to do howmowrk and learn new skills
41
school age and peer
not as imp as adolscents so school age rather do homwowrk
42
12 months weight
thirpled
43
sitting from standing position
shhould have mastered by 12 months
44
stranger anxiety
8 months and continues into toddler years
| at 12 months child prefers parents and exhbiits fear when seperated
45
skipping and hopping on one foot
4years
46
puberty maturation stages in bous
1) testicular enlargement and scrotal changes are the firs tsigns (9-14 yrs)
2) appearance of pubic, axillary, faical and body hair
- 3)penis increases in size 4)and voice changes
47
head circumference
at birth head is bigger than chest circumference but by 12 months it equalizes
48
fontanelles should be
flat and slight oulsations
| temporary bulges when infant cries, coughs or lying down
49
posterior font closes
2 months
50
anterior closes
18 months
51
phargntitis is caused by
group A
52
phaegitis can lead to
renal (glomerulonephritis) or cardiac complications (rheumatic fever) if not treated.
53
children with phatyntitis
-may refuce to eat due to pain
-ofer soft diet and cool liquids such as ice chips instead of solid foods
-tooth burshes should be replaced 2 hours after starting abx
-test bilings
-may return to school or daycare aftert they have completed 2 hours of abx and is afrbirile
=dont give lozenges
-actea or ibuprhen for pain
54
when can kids with [haryngitis return to school
after 24 hours of abx
55
whe doing physcial exmaination for a toddler
least to most invasive
(ears, then nose, and mouth at end)
-allow to inspect peices of equip
-minimal physical contact initially
56
risk of teeth misalightment and malocclusion occurs
when child uses pacifier or sucks the thumb after eruption of permanaent teeth
57
intussecption treastment
passage ofbirnak vriwn sttol means reduction in instusscption
-can be treated sucesfully witout surgery using saline or air enema
58
associate play
prescolers (3-6)
- they engage in similar actv or play witht he (play and burrow with each other without directing others)
- Preschoolers also enjoy play involving motor activities and imaginative, pretend play.
59
cooperative play
school age (6-12)
- play with one another with specific goal (building castles from block) and theres set urles
- requires orgizational skills that presccolers dont have only school age
60
parallel
toddlers (1-3)
| -play next to each other and are happy to be in the prescence of peers but do not play directly with one another
61
solitary play
infants (birth -1 year)
| -focused on own actv and play alone in the prescence of others
62
behaviors associated with negatism and ritualism
toddlers
63
health promoteion in toddler parents should
avoid giving options that allow the toddler to say "no" so instead of saying "do you want dinner" say "tikme for dinner"
64
if child refuses meal
parents should wit to offer foods utnil the next snack time or meal time
-dont ask within couple mins
65
when to eat afer kid just played
15-30 mins to calm down before eating
66
by 30 months
4X birth weight
67
wegain gain slows
toddler years with weight gain yealry of 4-6 lb
68
bowel and sphinter control by
24 months
69
chest circfuernce exceeds abdominal circulfernce
after 2 resulting in taller and more slender app
70
head circum ncreases by
1 in during second ur and then slows to 0.5 in until 5 years
71
egocentric approch
toddlers diaply this approch to strive for autonmy by displaying emotional (temper tentrums, NO)
72
hospitalizations in toddler results in
regreesive beh
73
concept of time
school age not prescool
74
voluntary control of anal and urethral sphincters
18-24 months
75
readiness to toilet train
ambulate to and sit on the toilet
-remina fry for several hours or though the nap
-pull clothes up and down
=understand 2 step command
=expresses the need to use the toilet
-imitate the toilet habits of adults or older sibliings
-express an interest
76
toddlers trive on
home rituals and routines
77
who has egocentric and magical thinking
preschool
78
who thinks they might have caused the disease
preschool
79
parents role in hospitalization of toddlers
rooming in, stating overnight and alleviate serpateion anxiety
80
fetal etoh sydrome signs
```
microcephaly
short palpebral fissures
=epicanthal folds
-flat midface
-smooth philtrum
-thin upper lip
```
81
what is the leading cause of diability and dev delay
etoh dysndrome
82
advanced maternal age can be assoicated with higher incidence of
triosmy 21 (down syndrome)
83
down sydnrome characteristic
=single palmar crease
| =short neck with excessive skin(nuchal fold)
84
valporate (depakote) can cause
spina bidifa
| FDA preg D
85
seziure precation
```
pillow to protect head
side rails up
privacy provided
side lying
o2 and apparatus avilable
DONT USE ORAL BITE DEVICE
DONT USE RESTRAINTS
```
86
severe dehydration signs
increase cap refill
increased HR
increased RR
87
introduction of sold foods
4-6 months
88
process of starting solid foods
iron firtfied infant cereal first
-allow 5-7 days bewttwen foods for allergies
(allergeies often worsen with subsequent exposure)
89
best foods to introuce
carrots
peas
banans
90
when are purred fruits and veg introudced
6-8 months
91
after introducing pureed fppds
offer simple finger foods such as teething crackers, small pieces of fruits, soft veg or cheese
92
cows milk introduced
after 1 st year
93
finger foods intro
6-9 month
94
meds used to treat noctural enuresis
desmopressin
| -tricylic antidepressants such as imipramine, amitriptyline, and desipramine improve functional bladder capacity.
95
parralel
associate
solitary
cooperative
toddlers
prescoolers
infants
school age
96
accidents assoicated with child walkers
rolling down stairs (most common)
- burns
- drowning
- positiong
97
safer alternatvies to mobile baby walkers
stationary walkers (no wheels)
98
optimal position for baby lumbar puncure
head and knee tuckers in abd back rounde dout
| -flexed sitting with arms and legs immbolized
99
imitating and dramatic
preschoolers
100
dress up, housekeeping toys, telephones, med kits, dollas and puppets
preachoolers
101
finger paints crayons books puzzles with large pieces and clay
prescoolers
102
va=oard games
schol age
103
soap bubbles
toddlers
104
stacking and nesting toys
toddlers
105
headlag till
4-6 months
106
headlag after 6 months
abnoramal and could be associated with cerebral palsy or autism
107
peek a boo and patty cake
10-12 months
108
the posterior fontanel should not be palpable in
8-month-old clients.
109
when do infants begin expiercing seperation anxiety
6 months
110
seperation anxiety can be hiegtening during
hospitlization due to unfamilar stresors
111
how to relieve indants stress
adhere to routine at home (meals and sleep times)
-provide fav toy or pacifier
=enouage caregivers to remain
-quiet enc
-offer familar object (caregivers shirt, blanket, voice recording)
112
when should children have their first dental visit
6 months or by their first birthday
113
when do childs first teeth abrupt
6 months
114
pirmary teeth by
2-4 years
115
when do children start preschol
age
116
regression during hospitialization
normal and will regain lost milestones after discharge
117
snacks and meals for toddlers
safety small, hard, sticky and/or slippery foods pose a choking risk and should not be offered to children under age 3. Examples include hot dogs, grapes, nuts, raw carrot sticks, popcorn, peanut butter, hard candy, and raisins.
- Potential for food-borne illness – children are at higher risk for developing a food-related infection if given raw, unpasteurized foods such as juice, partially cooked eggs, raw fish, or raw bean sprout
- dont give empty calories
118
examples of healthy snakcs for children under 3
```
pieces of cheese
whole wheat crackers
bana slices
yogurt
COOKED veg
mini pizza
cottacheese with cut up fruits
```
119
adolscents psychosocial development is marked by
risk taking
-sense of invincibility
-need for independence
=strong connection to peers
