Peds CV disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Atrial septal defect- Eti
A
- Shunting of blood between atrium
- Ostium secundum most common
- F>M
- Sporadic defect
- Low pressure- Left to right shunt
2
Q
Atrial septal defect- Sx
A
- Fixed, split S2
- RV heave
- Exercise intolerance, fatigueablilty, heart failure
- Diastolic murmur
3
Q
Atrial septal defect- Dx
A
- Echo with doppler
- ECG- left axis deviation
- Xray- cardiomegaly
4
Q
Atrial septal defect- Tx
A
- Transcatheter closure
5
Q
Ventricular septal defect- Eti
A
- Most common congenital heart malformation (30%)
- 85% are small, hemodynamically insignificant
- 50% close by 2 yo
6
Q
Ventricular septal defect- Sx
A
- Large L>R shunt = dyspena, diaphoresis & fatigue
- Exercise intolerance
- Increased pulm/ vast resistance
- Cyanosis
7
Q
Ventricular septal defect- Dx
A
- Echo- estimation of pressure difference
8
Q
Ventricular septal defect- Tx
A
- Diuretics
- Surgery
9
Q
AV septal defect- Eti
A
- Fusion of embryonic endocardial cushions
- Down syndrome
10
Q
AV septal defect- Sx
A
- Often asymptomatic Failure to thrive - Tachypnea, diaphoresis with feeding - Pulm HTN - Recurrent pneumonia - Systolic murmur- soft, sound benign - Pulm component of S2
11
Q
AV septal defect- Dx
A
- Echo- Rt sided volume overload
12
Q
AV septal defect- Tx
A
Surgery- within first month of life
13
Q
Patent ductus arteriosus- Eto
A
- Higher in altitudes > 10,000 ft
- F>M
- Persistence of normal fetal vessel joining pulm artery & aorta
14
Q
Patent ductus arteriosus- Sx
A
- Bounding pulses with widened pulse pressure
- Rough machinery murmur at 2nd ICS, radiates into anterior lung fields
- Commonly asymptomatic
15
Q
Patent ductus arteriosus- Dx
A
Echo
16
Q
Patent ductus arteriosus- Tx
A
Surgical closure
17
Q
Correction of aorta- Eti
A
- Narrowing of aortic arch in proximal descending aorta
- F>M
- Turner syndrome
- Bicuspid aortic valve
18
Q
Correction of aorta- Sx
A
- Absent femoral pulses
- BP > 15 mmHg between arms & legs
- Systolic murmur
19
Q
Correction of aorta- Dx
A
Echo with doppler
20
Q
Correction of aorta- Tx
A
- Balloon angioplasty
21
Q
Tetralogy of Fallot- Eti
A
- Anterior deviation of infundibular septum
-
22
Q
Tetralogy of Fallot- Eti
A
- Anterior deviation of infundibular septum
- Chromosome deletion
- Ventricular septal defect with RV hypertrophy
23
Q
Tetralogy of Fallot- Sx
A
- Hypoxemic spells, cyanosis
- Rt sided aortic arch
- Systolic ejection murmur
- Tet spells: sudden cyanosis, dyspnea, altered consciousness, decreased murmur
24
Q
Tetralogy of Fallot- Dx
A
Echo- thick RV wall, overriding aorta
25
Tetralogy of Fallot- Tx
Open heart surgery
26
Transposition of great arteries- Eti
- Cyanotic congenital heart disease
| - M>F
27
Transposition of great arteries- Sx
- Large neonate
| - Profoundly cyanotic w/o resp distress
28
Transposition of great arteries- Dx
Echo
29
Transposition of great arteries- Tx
- Arterial switch operation
30
Transposition of great arteries- Tx
- Arterial switch operation
31
Rheumatic fever- Eti
- 1:100,000
- Group A beta hemolytic strept
- Immune response to streptococcal antigens
- 5-15 yrs
32
Rheumatic fever- Eti
- 1:100,000
- Group A beta hemolytic strept
- Immune response to streptococcal antigens
- 5-15 yrs
- Girls
- African american
33
Rheumatic fever- Sx
- Clear evidence of preceding strept infection
- Jones criteria- two major or 1 maj, 1 min:
- Maj: carditis, polyarthritis, sydenham chorea, erythema marginatum, nodules
- Minor: Prev hx, polyarthralgia, fever, Elevated ESR, CRP
34
Rheumatic fever- Sx/Dx
- Clear evidence of preceding strept infection
| - Jones criteria-
35
Jones criteria:
Two major or 1 maj, 1 min:
- Maj: carditis, polyarthritis, sydenham chorea, erythema marginatum, nodules
- Minor: Prev hx, polyarthralgia, fever, Elevated ESR, CRP
36
Rheumatic fever- Tx
Penicillin
| - Sulfadiazine if allergic
