PEDS Development ages 0-3 years old (pages 1-7 in notes)

Question 1

What is used to track cognitive and motor skills?

Answer 1

Denver Tracking chart

Question 2

Healthy physical development should be within what percentage for age?

Answer 2

5%

Question 3

Healthy development of cognitive skills should be within what percentage for age?

Answer 3

5%

Question 4

What constitutes healthy development and behaviors?

Answer 4

Physical development
Cognitive skills
Ability to connect/relate to others
Ability to act autonomously
Ability to relate to others & get support when needed (healthcare providers, etc.)
Ability to nurture/soothe oneself

Question 5

What is included on a growth chart?

Answer 5

height
weight
head circumference

Question 6

What is included in a Denver Development Chart II?

Answer 6

Gross motor
Fine motor
personal-social
language

Question 7

How old is a newborn/neonate?

Answer 7

28 days old or less

Question 8

What are some behaviors of newborns?

Answer 8

• prone- lifts head to 45 degrees
• moves arms & legs equally
• infantile reflexes (grasp, startle, etc)
• regards face (9”)
• responds to noise

Question 9

What is normal weight change of a newborn?

Answer 9

may lose 10% weight in 1st week but regain it in next 2-3 weeks

Question 10

Typical weight gain & height for 1-3 month old?

Answer 10

5-7 ounces/week (1-2lbs/month)

1 inch/ month

Question 11

What are some behaviors of 1-3 month olds?

Answer 11

• eats 2-3 ounces/lb/24 hours
• tracks with eyes & positive blink reflex
• vocalizes sounds & responds to noise
• begins hand to mouth coordination
• prone- lifts head to 90 degrees
• supine- head control improves (to sitting)
• lays in position placed
• crying= main communication

Question 12

What are GI behaviors of 1-3 month olds?

Answer 12

• nurses every 2-3 hours (day & night)
• 6-8 wet diapers/day
• 1-6 bowel mvmts/day

Question 13

Developmental Lag Warning signs at 6-8 weeks old

Answer 13

General- tremors/seizures, asymmetric, jerky, spastic mvmts; hypertonia, hypotonia
Hearing- does not respond to loud noise by startle reflex; not vocalizing any sounds
Vision- failure to follow or fix at 9-12 inches
Excessive head lag- on pulling to sitting position; poor head control
Leg- immobility or continued leg extension; legs adducted when held up vertically

Question 14

Typical weight & height gains of 4-6 month olds?

Answer 14

• gains5-7 ounces/week

- 1”/month

Question 15

Behaviors of 4-6 month olds?

Answer 15

laughs & mmm sounds; imitates sounds; turns to rattle or voice

• good head control
• able to roll over - able to sit up with support
• able to bear minimal weight on legs with help
• can grasp a rattle/object; improved hand-mouth coordination
• eats 2-3 ounces/lb/24hrs + solids

Question 16

When does far vision develop?

Answer 16

by 6 months

Question 17

Developmental lag warning signs at 6 months

Answer 17

General- no smiling (usually by 3 mo); jerky or spastic mvmts, does not appear to recognize parents
Hearing/speech- Failure to turn toward sound; does not vocalize sounds, laugh, or squeal
Vision- failure to fix or follow both near and distant objects
Failure to keep head steady- when pulled to sitting position; persistent fisting; Failure to push up or roll over; cannot sit up with support
Legs- increased adductor tone; increased reflexes;clonus

Question 18

How much weight gain should be achieved by 7-9 months?

Answer 18

doubled birth weight by this time

Question 19

Typical behaviors of 7-9 month olds?

Answer 19

• feeds self finger goods; hand to hand transfer, can pass cube from hand to hand
• teeth grow (readiness signs for eating)
• indicates wants; waves bye; plays pat-a-cake; irmitates facial expressions (social skills)
• sits without support; stands with support; crawling well
• language develops- babbling sounds to first word; non-specific (mama, dada, no)

Question 20

How much weight gain should be achieved by 10-12 months? Height?

Answer 20

tripled birth weight

26-29 inches

Question 21

Typical behaviors of 10-12 month olds?

Answer 21

• improving grasp/fine motor- table foods with spoon & drinks from cup
• attempts to play ball with examiner
• walks with help; standing on their own
• language developing (2-4 words)

Question 22

Developmental Lag Warning signs at 10 months

Answer 22

Lack of imitation: does not reach for toy; poor grasp control; not attempting to feed self or put things in own mouth
Hearing/speech: does not babble; does not imitate sounds; does not seek attention
Vision: displays a squint or nystagmus
Arms: fails to pass cube from one hand to other; abnormal hand posture (fisting)
Unable to sit without support
Legs- absence of weight bearing while held (6-9mos)

Question 23

At what age is typical to begin walking well?

Answer 23

16 months

Question 24

At what age is typical to begin running?

Answer 24

18-20 months

Question 25

At what age is a child typically able to jump and kick a ball?

Answer 25

2 years

Question 26

At what age is a child typically able to throw overhand, stand on one foot for 1-3 secs?

Answer 26

3 years

Question 27

What are typical social & language behaviors of children 1-3 years old?

Answer 27

18 months- uses spoon & fork, washes hands
2-3 yrs- removes clothes to dresses self, brushes teeth, knows friends names; toilet training- most by age 2-3.5 YO
10 months= mama & dada
12 months- few single words
18-24 months- able to say 2 word phrases
3 YO- appx 1000 words >3 word phrases

Question 28

Developmental Lag Warning signs at 18 months

Answer 28

General- absence of constructive play; indicates wants only by crying
Hearing/speech- lack of any words (specifically mama & dada)
Arms- no finger-thumb grip (pincer); does not bang blocks together
Legs- unable to stand bearing weight WITHOUT support
Vision- any apparent visual defect

Question 29

Developmental Lag Warning signs at 2 years

Answer 29

General- does not play peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake; not drinking from a cup
Hearing/speech- absence of words other than mama & dada
Vision- failure to match toys
Arms- does not attempt building with blocks; tremor or ataxia
Legs- unable to walk without aid