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Peds Orthopedics Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Babies usually have increased ROM where?

A

shoulder ext/rotation
Wrist Flexion
Hip abd/rotation
Ankle DF/inv/ev

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2
Q

Babies usually have decreased ROM where

A

knee and hip ext

ankle PF

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3
Q

femoral head facing forward

back?

A

anteversion

retroversion

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4
Q

anteversion puts baby in ____.. what happens when they WB?

A

ER

toe in.

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5
Q

What is developmental progression of varus to valgus?

A

newborn: Varum
6 mo: mild varum
1-2 y/o: straight legs
2-4:genuvalgum

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6
Q

When is valgus not normal?

A

after 6 y/o

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7
Q

most common form of episodic MS pain in kids 3-12 y/o with no signs of inflammation

A

growing pains.

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8
Q

What are symptoms of growing pains?

A
  • pain in shin/calf/thigh/popliteal fossa
  • Bilateral
  • only lasts a bit
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9
Q

how do you resolve growing pains?

A
  • Stretching
  • Massage
  • Time
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10
Q

What are the types of injuries?

A

Fx
Joint injury
Muscle.

single/repetitive trauma

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11
Q

Reasoning for repetitive macro trauma?

A

training error
imbalance
anatomical alignment
footwear

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12
Q

Types of Fx?

A 
Growth plate (usually femur)
STress Fx: seen 6-8 weeks post onset
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13
Q

in children, what is seen before tendonitis

A

avulsion Fx.

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14
Q

What are things to take into consideration with sports screening?

A
  • assess maturity/fitness
  • be specific to sport
  • Drug use
  • dietary abuse.
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15
Q

What are some orthopedic issues during infancy?

A

Congenital Dislocation
Metatarsus adducts
Talipes equinovarus.

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16
Q

how many grades are there for congenital dislocation

A

5.

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17
Q

due to a a tight SCM, stuck in lateral flexion to same side and rotation to opposite

A

Developmental Muscular Torticollis.

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18
Q

What are causes of Developmental muscular torticollis?

A

-tumor (1/3)
-fetal malposition
-uterine compression
-

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19
Q

Along with SCM, what are other impairment of torticollis?

A

upper trap/scalenes/hyoids/tongue/face muscles.

plagiocephaly
scoliosis

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20
Q

What are functional limitations of torticollis?

A

affects righting reactions.

if very severe, affects ability to WB on ipsilateral UE

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21
Q

What is included in examination of torticollis?

A

ROM (including at rest)

  • Face/skull symmetry
  • Palpate SCM
  • Gross/fine motor development.
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22
Q

Interventions for Torticollis?

A

better to start before 1 y/o

  • stretch with traction
  • strengthen (visual tracking)
  • prolonged stretch
  • orthotics
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23
Q

How are skull deformities prevented?

managed?

A

parent edu
Prone playtime

helmets
mechanical adjustment.

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24
Q

Plagiocephaly
Scaphocephaly
Brachycephaly

Study These Flashcards
A

wedge
long
flat.

25
Caniosynestosis?
sutures fuse and skull will stop expanding. but brain still does. increasing pressure.
26
cranial helmets used for
head shaping.
27
What are childhood conditions?
Legg-calve perthes slipped capital femoral epiphyses SCFE osgood schlatters
28
What is lego-calve pethes?
avascular necrosis of femoral head.
29
signs of legs-calve perthes?
pain in groin/hip AND KNEEE. shuts of glut med( trendelenberg) lose abd and decrease IR any knee pain always examine hip.
30
sign of SCFE?
knee pain. | antalgic/lurch/outtoe
31
What is osgood schlatter and what is signs? what do you avoid?
separation of tibial tubercle pain at sight avoid jumping/squatting.
32
What are the 2 avulsion fractures?
``` osgood schlatter sever disease (achilles) ```
33
what are period of severs disease?
during growth spurts pain at heel.
34
how do you treat osgood and sever?
heel lift. ice reduct activity stretch carefully
35
Management for peds ortho?
- alleviate pain - improve/maintain range - improve strength - improve functional skill.
36
ages of scoliosis
infant <3 juvenile 3-puberty adolescent at puberty more common in female because of estrogen.
37
progressive scoliosis curve is
increase of 5 degrees from 2 exams.
38
What to look for in scoliosis screening
``` shoulder levels soap prominence uneven waist pelvic asymmetry waist window knee levels adams bend test lordosis/kyphosis ```
39
how is scoliosis managed?
bracing after >25 deg. - strengthen trunk - flexibility laterally, trunk, shoulder. - respiratory management.
40
blood clotting disorder
hemophilia
41
impairments of hemophilia
usually in hinge joints/arthritis can develop from bleed. ``` pain intramuscular bleed peripheral nerve lesion decreased range/strength gait change ```
42
how do you manage hemophilia?
``` range them splints strengthen (NO low speed isokinetic gait training (with muscle not joint) ```
43
JRA impairments?
rheumatoid arthritis. before 16 >6 weeks pain jt deformity weak 2ndary to pain gait change ADL and gait limited.
44
management of JRA?
``` no long lever arm ranges. strengthen protect alignment theraband hydrotherapy/bike. ```
45
What a big danger of JRA?
AA sublux.
46
Osteogenesis imperfecta
brittle bones. | fractures very common
47
What are types OI
4 types . mild to severe | ambulatory-lethal
48
Pathology of OI
decreased type 1 collagen
49
Impairments of OI
decreased range deformity decreased strength delayed development
50
Management of OI
``` Active range only! strengthen with activity not resistance orthotics. parent edu surgery. ```
51
2 types of arthrogryposis congenita?
hip flex frog leg bot that blue feet.
52
Why does arthrogryposis congenita happen?
lack of fetal mvmnt in 1st trimester | muscle turn to fibrous fatty tissue
53
impairments of arthrogryposis congenita?
jt contractures | weak muscles and imbalance.
54
management of arthrogryposis congenita
``` stretch strengthen position orthotic surgery. ```
55
what is PFFD
femur doesn't form properly. either short or literally not there.
56
What develops from PFFD
frog leg position hip/knee contracture leg length discrepancy gets amputation/rotationplasty.
57
in nonverbal kids what are signs of discomfort during range
noisy breathing facial expression tension at end range fidgeting.
58
children with disability more likely to be
abused | neglected

Peds (25 decks)

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