Peds test 4 Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
Compression/breaths for kids and infants and how many rounds before you call 911?
A
30:2 and 5
2
Q
What do you do if a child does not improve with repositioning in an emergency?
A
Start bag-valve-mask
3
Q
One thing to remember about getting a pulse
A
always palpate or auscultate don’t trust monitor
4
Q
What is bradycardia for young infant and older infant and one thing about brady in kids
A
less than 80
less than 60
Stat CPR if they are bradycardic
5
Q
What do you do if systolic BP is low?
A
IV normal saline 20/mg/kg as fast as it will go
6
Q
What is low systolic for
neonate
infant
1-10
A
60
70
70+2x the age in years
7
Q
Quick neuro assessment for LOC
A
A lert
V responsive to Voice
P responsive to pain
U nresponsive
8
Q
What three things are on the peds glasgow scale?
A
eye opening, motor response, verbal response
9
Q
What is the score on the peds glasgow scale? and what is a good score?
A
3-15
15
10
Q
How many points in each section of GGCS?
A
Eye opening- 4
motor response- 6
verbal- 5
11
Q
Are kids more prone to hypo or hyper glycemia?
A
Hypo
12
Q
upper airway causes of respiratory distress 9
A
burns, croup, foreign body aspiration, strangulation, reflux, epiglottitis, vasculatory ring, tracheomalacia
13
Q
Lower respiratory arrest problems 8
A
asthma, RSV, brochiolitits, pertussis, pneumonis, pneumothorax, aspiration, reflux
14
Q
Presenting characteristics of foreign body aspiration
A
Sudden on set of cough, wheeze, stridor
15
Q
guidance for aspiration education
A
6months and at each visit up to five
16
Q
when can kids have peanuts and popcorn?
A
3
17
Q
SIDS age
A
to 1
18
Q
restore fluid volume in kids with shock
A
20ml/kg NS over 30-40mins
19
Q
what is benadryl called?
A
Diphenhydramine
20
Q
What is the ball injury called
A
Tramatic cardiac arrest
during upstroke of t-wave
21
Q
When is brady life threatening in an infant
A
under 80
22
Q
what can cause brady 5 abnormal
A
Heart block, dig, hypoxia, head injury, hypothermia
23
Q
What is super ventricular tachycardia?
What can it lead to?
What happens?
A
A cardiac conduction problem where the hr is very fast and irregular
heart fail
not filling
24
Q
3 s/s of SVT
A
Change in LOC
dyspnea
poor perfusion
25
3 interventions for SVT
adneosine, ice to face, syn cardioversion
26
Patho submersion
```
Kid asperates
poor oxygenation and retention of 02
Surfactant depleted
pulmonary edema
AKI-Possibility
```
27
Sepsis cold vs hot
hot increased CO with a low SVR,
| cold decrease in CO with an increase in SVR
28
3 problems r/t submersion?
ICP, pulmonary complications, hypothermia
29
ABCDE-just D E
disability, exposure
30
Pot onset and peak
20-30min 3-4 hours
31
stages and days of ace poisoning
1-1
2-1-3
3-3-5
4-5-8
32
antidote for acetamin poisoning
N-acetylcysteine
33
electrocution complications 2 to remember
spinal injuries, fractures
34
What about edema and burns? 2
Can last 18 hours can effect lungs
35
burns cause 4
d co
i metabolic state
insulin resistance
i prot metabolisim
36
What is hypopituitarism and how does it appear on the growth chart?
GH deficiency causes alteration in metabolism of carbs, prots, fats
at or below third percentile
37
What are the diseases r/t the anterior pituitary gland 3
growth hormone (GH) deficiency, hyperpituitarism, and precocious puberty.
38
GHD manifestations 5
fat, prom forehead, high pitched voice, delayed sex, delayed dentation,
39
GHD diagnosis 3
bones ob xray will be two deviations below normal, Watch fro structural abnormalities, pit fun testing
40
What is precocious puberty
| boys and girls ages of onset puberty
Sexual characteristics before norm
10-12-girls
11-14-boys
41
What can cause p pub 7
Tumor, brain injury, radiation, infectious encephalitis, meningitis, congenital, adrenal hyperplasia
42
Patho prepub
production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates HL and FSH
43
2 tx for prepub and what they do specifically
GnRH analog-slows
| Depo-provera- reduce secretions of gonadotrophin
44
Congenital hypothyroidism
failure of thyroid gland to migrate during fetal development insufficient production of hormones T3 and T4
45
Complications of congenital hypothyroidism 4
intellectual disability, short stature, growth fail, delayed physical maturation
46
10 s/s graves
goiter, sleep prob, distractibility, frustrated, fatigue, diarrhea, grow fast, weight loss, tachy, exophalmos
47
What kind of disorder is cushings?
adrenal
48
s/s cushings 10
red face, CNS issues, HTN, cardiac hypertrophy, striae, ulcers, mm wasting, osteo, sexual dysfunction
49
course/brittle hair
Hypothyroidism
50
Face deformities
hypoparathyroidism
51
Cool skin
Hyperthyroidism
52
Color/texture skin
Pituitary
53
What causes cushings 2
| One hormone?
Excessive use of coticosteroids and ACTH-producing adenoma
| Glucocorticoid excess
54
What is Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
What causes it?
which increases? 2
A group of autosomal recessive inherited disorders
insufficient supply of enzymes to make aldosterone and cortisol
adrenocorticotropic hormone excess androgens
55
Signs of congenital adrenal hyperplasia 3
ambiguous genitalia, short stature, testicular cancer in adults
56
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia crisis causes 5
hypona and hyperk hypoTN hypovolemic shock, hypoglycemia
57
How to determine gender with CAH
Karyotyping
58
Tx for CAH 3
glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoids for life
Na supplements
surg for girls at 2-6 months
59
s/s of acute adrenal crisis
vomiting, lethargy, feeding dif, dehydration
60
Age group of adolescence
11-20
61
when does boys height peak
14 years
62
Girls height in adolescence 2
rapid after menarche
| ceases after 2-21/2 years
63
Average puberty girls
| breast buds and one thing
9-15
9-11
Pubic hair after breasts
64
Screening tool for sexual development
tanner scale
65
Wisdom teeth age
17-20
66
Theorists adolescence 3
E-identity vs role confusion
P-formal operation-abstract
F-genital
67
What age group is early adolescence?
middle?
late?
12-14
14-17
17-20
68
HR adolescence
55-95
69
What assessment approach to use in teens
head to toe
70
```
Percentile
Underweight
healthy weight
overweight
obese
```
less than 5th percentile
5th percentile up to 85th percentile
85th to less than 95th
equal or greater to 95th
71
When should we start taking BP on kids
3
72
Most common places for kids to get cancer 4
Blood, bone, blood organs, brain
73
What is the most common childhood cancer
leukemia
74
Common manifestations of cancer 6
Anemia, infections that won't go away, bruising, H with vomiting, gate changes, visual disturbances
75
Patho of leukemia
Disorder of blood marrow and lymphatic system cause proliferation of immature WBC and they take over and compete for nutrition.
76
What happens because of leukemia? 4
Anemia, infection, bleeding, fractures,
77
Leukemia infiltrates into what 8
Spleen, CNS, testes, kidneys, prostates, ovaries, GI, lungs
78
what are tri21 kids at risk for?
Leukemia
79
Acute lymphoid leukemia 2 things and 3 things it causes
Most common, normal lymphoblasts eat all nutrients,
| anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
80
Acute myelogenous leukemia compared to all 2 and 3 things it causes
Less survival rate, adolescent more,
| infection, metastasis, hemorrhage
81
AML s/s 4
Subcut nodules, lymphadenopathy, blue or salmon colored papular lesions, sternal tenderness
82
What is definitive diagnosis for leukemia?
Bone marrow aspiration
83
Lymphoma places 3
Nodes, spleen, thymus
84
Difference of Hodgkin vs nonhodgkin location
hod-closer nods non-deep node
85
```
Hodgkins vs non hodge
nodes?
Location?
Contagious?
Cells involved?
Age?
Associated with?
```
Localized, with contagious spread, reed-sternberg cells (B and T cells), bimodal distribution (any age) , Ebstine bar
86
What lymphoma is characterized by stage?
| how many stages?
Non-hodge, 4
87
One thing to remember about lymphoma?
Antibiotics indefinitely
88
How to diagnose hodg lymphoma 1
reed-sternburg cells
89
non hodg diagnosis 1
bone marrow aspiration
90
S/s of non hodg lymphoma 4
Increased work of breathing, edema, mediastinal mass, lymphadenopathy
91
tx for non hodg lymph
autologous bone marrow transplant
92
What is neuroblastoma? 4 major signs
Solid tumor found in in neurons from embryonic neural crest cells
swollen belly, lump in chest, bone pain, bruising around the eye
93
Location of medulloblastoma
cerebellum
94
3 things about medulloblastoma
check head circumference, malignant, Seeds on intracranial pressure
95
Astrocytoma location 4
Cerebellum, cerebral hemisphere, thatlamus, hypothalamus
96
Astrocytoma 2 things
Slow insidious, not responsive to chemo
97
Osteosarcoma
location
age
one thing about it
metaphysis of long bones
10-25
amputation
98
ewing sarcoma location and age
bones
| 4-20
99
Rhabdomyosarcoma
what is it
age-2
location
Soft tissue tumor from cells that would form stiated muscle
under 6 and 10-18
can be anywhere
100
Wilms tumor other name and what is it? age?
Nephroblastoma renal tumor 3
101
one thing to remember about wilms tumor
don't palpate abdomen
102
retinoblastoma
age
agressive
sign 3
congenital
yes
cat eye reflex vomiting H/A
103
2 ways that chemo works
Cell cycle specific and non specific
104
what is allogenic
Harvested stem cells
105
Complications of bone marrow transplant 7
Electrolyte imbal, membrane tox, impaired growth, fertility issues, cateracts, CV and pulm disease
106
When do neutropenic precautions go into effect
neutropenic count below 500
107
When do fetal iron stores disappear by?
4-6 months
108
How much milk should a children over 1 have iron
no more than 24oz a day
109
sign of iron deficiency anemia
spooning of nails
110
Poison dose for one yr old iron and lethal dose
1gm
| 3gm
111
Symptoms of iron toxicity 2
shock, cardiovascular collapse
112
How many stages of Iron toxicity are there? what are they?
| how many days can death or injury happen?
```
5
Gi irritation
recovery from gi irritation
metabolic acidosis, dehydration, lactic acidosis
hepatic fail
GI healing anf scarring
3-4
```
113
tx of iron poisoning 3
whole bowl irrigation, deferoxamine, call poison control
114
led poisoning effects 4
| one thing it can cause
bone marrow, erythroid cells, nervous system and kidneys
| anemia
115
Where is lead found? 4
paint before 1978
soil leaded gas
glazed pottery
stained glass
116
s/s of led poisoning 6
anorexia, fatigue, ab pain, cns, hydrocephalus, encephalopathy,
117
tx for lead poisoning
chelation therapy
118
What tests for sickle cell and one thing about it
Hem electrophoresis and it is the law that newborns get tested
119
What is dactylitis?
painful swelling of hands and feet c
120
four infections r/t sickle cell
sepsis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis
121
What can cause sickle cell crisis 3 to remember
cold, dehydration, physical exertion
122
What is thalassemia
what type are we focused on
what about that type 3 things
Genetic disorder reduces production of heme
Cooley anemia
severe hemolytic anemia chronic hypoxia bone problem s
123
Tx for thalassemia and issue?
PRBC iron overload
124
What clotting factors contribute the most to clotting issues
VIII IX XI
125
What is a normal platelet count
150,000-300,0000
126
What is idiopathic thromocytopenia purpura
thought it is from?
how do kids do?
major complication?
Antibodies that destroy platelets that cause petechia, purpura, bleeding
Viral infection
most recover
hemorrhage
127
idiopathic thromocytopenia purpura tx 2
platelet count below 10,000 maybe corticosteroids, IVIG
128
```
What is Henoch-Schonlein purpura
presents as
from
can cause
tx
```
vasculitis with immunoglobulism A immune deposits that affect sm vessels in skin, gut, and kideney
usually bacterial or viral infection
nephrotic injury
corts or resolves on own
129
What is hemophilia
what are we concerned about?
what type to focus on
deficiency in coag disorder
bleeding is hard to stop
A
130
What factor is hemophilia A?
Factor 8
131
What is Von willebrand disease and causes what drug can help
Def in von wil factor which slight bleeding problems
| desmopressin before dental work
132
What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis
autoimmune disorder where antibodies target the joints.
133
Juvenile idiopathic arth complications7
Iritis, uneven bone growth, rheu nodules, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, pleuritis, pulmonary fibrosis
134
Diabetes is secondary to 4 other conditions
cystic fibrosis, downs, turner, cushings
135
A1C for 0-3 and 3-adult
7. 5
| 6. 5
136
glucose for diabetics
90-130
137
What kind of insulin is in insulin pump?
type
3 names
only rapid acting
| aspart, lispro, glulisine
138
s/s of DKA 12
Fat cat, high ketones, high bs, low bicarb, dehydration, lethargy, stupor, ab pain, kussmaul respirations, air hungry, tachy, juicy fruit breath
139
Tx for DKA 3
hydration, insulin, electrolyte replacement
140
What insulin do they use for DKA
humulin R
