Pelvic and Perineal Osteology, Arthrology, Myology

Question 1

Where do you actually enter the pelvis?

Answer 1

at the pelvic brim

Question 2

when do you finally have perineum?

Answer 2

when you are below the pelvic diaphragm

Question 3

what does a pelvis look like in males?

Answer 3

they have a deeper greater pelvis, a narrower and deeper lesser pelvis, an android pelvic inlet, small pelvic outlet, narrow pubic arch, round obturator foramen, and large acetabulum

Question 4

what does a female pelvis look like?

Answer 4

they have a shallow greater pelvis, a wide and shallow lesser pelvis, gynecoid pelvic inlet, large pelvic outlet, wide pubic arch, oval-shaped obturator foramen, and small acetabulum

Question 5

what is another name for the pelvic inlet?

Answer 5

the superior pelvic aperture

Question 6

what is another name for the pelvic outlet?

Answer 6

the inferior pelvic aperture

Question 7

what happens when there is a pelvic fracture?

Answer 7

it is usually from an MVA; when this happens- usually both the superior and inferior pubic rami on both side will fracture as a result of the impact

Question 8

what is the fibrocartilaginous disc between the right and left pubic symphyseal surfaces?

Answer 8

the interpubic disc

Question 9

what do the sacrotuberous and the sacrospinous ligaments form?

Answer 9

they form the borders of the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Question 10

there are 2 different varieties of pelvic fascia. What are they?

Answer 10

either membranous pelvic fascia or endopelvic fascia

Question 11

what two things make up the membranous pelvic fascia?

Answer 11

the visceral membranous pelvic fascia and the parietal membranous pelvic fascia

Question 12

what two things make up the endopelvic fascia?

Answer 12

the loose endopelvic fascia and the condensed endopelvic fascia

Question 13

what are the important measurements obstetrically to determine the capacity of a female to bear a child?

Answer 13

pelvic diameters (conjugates)

Question 14

what does the peritoneum cover in the male pelvis?

Answer 14

the superior and lateral aspects of the urinary bladder and rectum

Question 15

what does the peritoneum cover in the female pelvis?

Answer 15

the superior and lateral aspects of the urinary bladder, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and rectum

Question 16

what is the peritoneum that is covering the uterus?

Answer 16

the broad ligament of the uterus

Question 17

what are the three parts of the broad ligament?

Answer 17

the mesometrium, the mesovarium, and the mesosalpinx

Question 18

what is the mesometrium?

Answer 18

the part of the broad ligament that is right up against the uterus

Question 19

what is the mesovarium?

Answer 19

the part of the broad ligament that is right up against the ovary

Question 20

what is the mesosalpinx?

Answer 20

the part of the broad ligament that is right up against the uterine tube

Question 21

what makes up the parietal pelvic fascia?

Answer 21

the obturator fascia and the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia

Question 22

what is the obturator fascia lying on?

Answer 22

the obturator internus muscle

Question 23

what is the loose endopelvic fascia?

Answer 23

fat-filled potential space

Question 24

what forms the walls of the pudendal canal?

Answer 24

the obturator fascia

Question 25

what makes up the tendinous arch of the pelvic fasica in males?

Answer 25

the puboprostatic ligament and the rectoprostatic ligament

Question 26

what makes up the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia in females?

Answer 26

the pubovesicle ligament and the uterosacral ligament

Question 27

what are the 4 spaces that make up the loose endopelvic fascia?

Answer 27

the retropubic space, the paravesical space, the pelvirectal space, and the retrorectal space

Question 28

what is the role of the condensed endopelvic fascia?

Answer 28

it is responsible for compartmentalizing the loose endopelvic fascia

Question 29

what makes up the condensed endopelvic fascia?

Answer 29

the hypogastric sheath

Question 30

what makes up the hypogastric sheath in males?

Answer 30

lateral rectal ligament, the rectovesical septum, and the lateral ligament of the bladder

Question 31

what makes up the hypogastric sheath in females?

Answer 31

the lateral rectal ligament, the transverse cervical ligament, and the lateral ligament of the bladder

Question 32

what are the four points of the quadrangular space of the perineum?

Answer 32

pubic symphysis, coccyx, and the two ischial tuberosities

Question 33

if a line is drawn between the two ischial tuberosities, how is the quadrangular space divided?

Answer 33

into two triangular spaces, the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle

Question 34

what is found within the anal triangle?

Answer 34

the ischioanal fossa and the pudendal canal

Question 35

what are the contents of the pudendal canal?

Answer 35

the internal pudendal artery, vein, and pudendal nerve

Question 36

what is the role of the perineal membrane?

Answer 36

it separates the superficial perineal fascia from the deep perineal fascia

Question 37

what is the perineal body?

Answer 37

an irregular fibromuscular mass in the midline- it is the attachment point for the bulbospongiosus muscle, the external anal sphincter muscle, the superficial transverse perineal muscle, and the deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 38

what are the superficial perineal muscles?

Answer 38

the superficial transverse perineal muscle, the ischiocavernosus muscle, and the bulbospongiosus muscle

Question 39

what is the innervation of the superficial perineal muscles?

Answer 39

deep perineal nerve

Question 40

what makes up the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 40

the external urethral sphincter and the deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 41

what type of muscle is the deep transverse perineal muscle in the female?

Answer 41

smooth muscle

Question 42

what type of muscle is the deep transverse perineal muscle in the male?

Answer 42

skeletal muscle

Question 43

what is the innervation of the external anal sphincter muscle?

Answer 43

inferior rectal nerve

Question 44

what is the internal anal sphincter muscle innervated by?

Answer 44

parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 45

what is the pelvis diaphragm made up of?

Answer 45

4 muscles: the three levator ani muscles and the coccygeus muscle

Question 46

what are the levator ani muscles?

Answer 46

puborectalis m, pubococcygeus m, and iliococcygeus m

Question 47

what are the levator ani muscles innervated by?

Answer 47

the nerve to the levator ani muscle (S4), inferior rectal nerve, and branches of the coccygeal plexus

Question 48

what is the coccygeus muscle innervated by?

Answer 48

nerve to the coccygeus (S4-S5; branches of the coccygeal plexus)

Question 49

what are the lateral pelvic wall muscles?

Answer 49

the obturator internus m and the piriformis m

Question 50

what is the innervation of the obturator internus muscle?

Answer 50

the nerve to the obturator internus m

Question 51

what is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 51

nerve to the piriformis muscle