Pelvic Floor

Question 1

the pelvic floor is part of a functional and global system consisting of what 6 things

Answer 1

• lumbar spine
• thoracic spine and ribs
  diaphragm
• SIJ
• abdominal pelvic canister
• glottis

Question 2

what 4 things does the pelvic floor influence

Answer 2

• postural alignment
• breath
• core and performance
• pelvis and hips

Question 3

the pelvic floor is a primary ____ for the pelvic girdle and works with the abdominal and back m to support the spine

Answer 3

stabilizer

Question 4

the pelvic floor functions alongside ___ and ___ core and hip m for optimal motor control of trunk and LE

Answer 4

local and global

Question 5

the pelvic floor forms and integral part of the _______

Answer 5

abdominal pelvic canister

Question 6

the pelvic floor supports abdominal and pelvic viscera via _____ contraction

Answer 6

tonic

Question 7

how does the pelvic floor function to prime the core for function

Answer 7

eccentrically contracts and lengthens

Question 8

when does the PFM work in a feed-forward mechanism

Answer 8

activate before other key core or extremity m during activities that challenge continence or support/stability

Question 9

the PFM provides ______ support to the SIJ

Answer 9

mechanical

Question 10

support of the SIJ is achieved by ________

Answer 10

increasing stiffness

Question 11

what is a key component for SIJ stability during tasks

Answer 11

modulation of intra-abdominal pressure

Question 12

the PFM contributes to ________ of the SIJ and help control motion of the sacrum relative to the ilia

Answer 12

force closure

Question 13

what is a structure that is important for load transfer b/w trunk and lower extremities

Answer 13

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 14

what structure contains smooth m actin myoblasts with contractile properties

Answer 14

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 15

tension is transmitted from TLF to the ______ to assist with lumbar stability

Answer 15

ligamentum flavum

Question 16

that is a thick segmental ligament running b/w lamina of adjacent vertebrae

Answer 16

ligamentum flavum

Question 17

what other structures does the TLF work with to assist SIJ and spinal stability

Answer 17

TrA and deep abdominals

Question 18

what 10 m does the TLF have attachments to

Answer 18

• TrA
• internal and external oblique
• glut max
• Lat dorsi
• biceps femoris
• quad lumborum
• lower trap
• multifidi
• erector spinae

Question 19

what ligament connects the biceps femoris to the TLF

Answer 19

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 20

TLF contributes to core stability partially via ________ tension development

Answer 20

affective

Question 21

what 2 ways does the TLF contribute to tension development

Answer 21

• myofascial slings
• hoop tension

Question 22

comprised of skeletal m, fascia and ligaments which cross from one side of body to other

Answer 22

myofascial slings

Question 23

during _____ mvmt, various parts of the body generate and transmit forces to one another via myofascial slings

Answer 23

dynamic

Question 24

hoop tension is partially dependent on what?

Answer 24

adequate IAP in the APC

Question 25

spinal stability is increased via tension of the fascia which occurs in a hoop like faschion during contraction of _______

Answer 25

abdominal m

Question 26

what term should we use instead of Kegel

Answer 26

pelvic floor m training

Question 27

a PFM contraction is described as a ____ and _____

Answer 27

squeeze and inward lift

Question 28

what happens to the ischial tuberosities during concentric contraction

Answer 28

closer together

Question 29

what happens to the coccyx during concentric contraction

Answer 29

flexes towards pubic bone

Question 30

a release of concentric contraction returns PFM to ______

Answer 30

baseline

Question 31

what happens when the PFM elongate from resting position / a lengthening contraction

Answer 31

eccentric contraction

Question 32

Key pelvic floor m are referred to as ...

Answer 32

levator ani

Question 33

the pelvic inlet divides what?

Answer 33

abdominal and pelvic cavity

Question 34

what passes thru the pelvic outlet

Answer 34

vaginal canal and terminal parts of urinary and GI tracts

Question 35

anteriorly situated gap which allows passage of urethra and vagina in females

Answer 35

urogenital hiatus

Question 36

list in order of superficial to deep: superficial genital m, pelvic floor/LA, anal sphincters, urogenital diaphragm

Answer 36

anal sphincters --> superficial genital --> urogenital --> pelvic floor

Question 37

funnel shaped muscular structure that attaches to the walls of the pelvis

Answer 37

Levator ani

Question 38

how is the levator ani or pelvic diaphragm attached to the pelvis?

Answer 38

arc de tendineous fascia

Question 39

what muscles make up the lateral wall of the pelvic floor

Answer 39

obturator internus and piriformis

Question 40

piriformis forms what part of the pelvic wall

Answer 40

part of the posterior wall (as well as lateral)

Question 41

what m are synergists for the hip with the obturator internus

Answer 41

obturator externus, quadratus femoris, gemelli

Question 42

what is the role of the obturator internus

Answer 42

dynamic stabilizing role

Question 43

how does the OI affect hip?

Answer 43

modulates the position of the femoral head in the actabulum during mvmt

Question 44

what 4 m groups make up the core

Answer 44

- pelvic floor - TrA - MF - resp diaphragm

Question 45

what are the attachments of the diaphragm

Answer 45

xiphoid process internal surfaces of lower 6 ribs lumbar spine arcuate ligament

Question 46

the "core" starts in the ____ and connects to the ______

Answer 46

mid-thoracic region pelvic floor

Question 47

4 functions of the diaphragm

Answer 47

- trunk control - resting tone increases prior to peripheral mvmts - tonically active during sustained peripheral activity - modulate tone dependent on respiration requirements

Question 48

how do the diaphragm and the pelvic floor move during breathing?

Answer 48

they mirror each other

Question 49

describe what happens with the diaphragm and pelvic floor during inhalation

Answer 49

descend down - eccentric contraction of PFM activity to spring load

Question 50

describe what happens to the diaphragm and the PFM during exhalation

Answer 50

recoil back up

Question 51

proper breathing mechanics result in a _______ in the APC via the function of the diaphragm and PFM

Answer 51

piston like effect

Question 52

4 functions of the piston of the APC

Answer 52

- provide massage and mvmt to ABD and pelvic organs - assist pumping of blood and lymphatic fluid thru trunk - regulate pressure in APC - aid in pelvic floor m function via tension and recoil

Question 53

as the diaphragm _____ within the thorax it causes IAP to increase

Answer 53

descends

Question 54

IAP acts on the lumbar spine, pushing it _____ and causing the abdominal wall, primarily the ___ to stretch

Answer 54

backward TrA

Question 55

describe how the pelvic floor and pressure in the APC work NORMALLY

Answer 55

pelvic floor m contract just before and with the ABD and back m --> increased IAP is directed up toward vocal cords --> result is effective resp or postural maneuver

Question 56

dysfunctional activation of pelvic floor during increase in IAP leads to what 3 things?

Answer 56

- associated with LBP and impaired postural response - stress urinary incontinence - visceral organ support (prolapse)

Question 57

the pelvic floor m should contract in response to the _____-

Answer 57

mvmt of the diaphragm

Question 58

EMG studies show support for what 3 m as facilitators of the pelvic floor

Answer 58

Adductors, gluteals and TrA