pelvic organs

Question 1

what is the difference between the true pelvic cavity and pernium?

Answer 1

they are separated by the pelvic diaphragm

Question 2

where is the false pelvis? where is the true pelvis?

Answer 2

false- iliac crests to plane of pelvic inlet. true- pelvic inlet to pelvic diaphragm

Question 3

in females, what organs are in the true pelvis vs perineum?

Answer 3

true pelvis- bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum. perineum- distal vagina, urethra, anus, labia, clitorus

Question 4

in males, what organs are in the true pelvis vs the perineum?

Answer 4

true pelvis- bladder, rectum, prostate, seminal vesicles. perineum- penis, urethra, testes, and anus

Question 5

what are the three major subdivisions of the pelvis?

Answer 5

pubis, ilium, ischium

Question 6

know these parts: iliac crest, sacroiliac joint, iliac fossa, ASIS, AIIS, antabular margin, pubic arch, obdurator foramen, superior and anterior pubic rami

Answer 6

ok

Question 7

know these parts: PSIS, PIIS, ischial spine, ischial tuberosity, lesser sciatic notch, greater sciatic notch

Answer 7

ok

Question 8

know these lines of the pubic inlet: sacral ala, arcuate line, pectineal line, pubic crest, sarcral promontory

Answer 8

ok

Question 9

the ASIS and pubic symphsis are in the same vertical plane

Answer 9

ok

Question 10

are the planes of the pubic inlet and pubic outlet parallel?

Answer 10

no the pubic inlet is slanted anteriorly d/t or bipedal locomotion, which has ramifications during child birth

Question 11

differences between male and female pelvises

Answer 11

female- circular inlet, reduced sacral promontory, less prominent ischial spines, larger pubic arch
male- heart shaped inlet, prominent sacral promontory, prominent media ischial spines, smaller pubic arch

Question 12

identify- sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, obdurator membrane

Answer 12

sacrospinous ligament- ischial spine to coccyx. divides the lesser and greater sciatic foramen.
sacrotuberous ligament- PSIS to ischial tuberosity

Question 13

what are the 3 muscles in the pelvis?

Answer 13

obturator internus muscle- covers the anterolateral pelvic wall
piriformis muscle- posterolateral pelvic wall
pelvic diaphragm- inferior border of the pelvic outlet

Question 14

what are the borders of the pelvic outlet?

Answer 14

lateral- ischiopubic rami and ischial trochanter,
anterior- pubic symphysis
posterior- sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx

Question 15

rectal ampulla

Answer 15

transverse folds in the rectum that support feces

Question 16

perineal flexture

Answer 16

the pelvic diaphragm pulls the rectum anteriorly, causing it to move posteriorly after it passes through, creating a flexture

Question 17

do the ureters pass anterior or posterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery?

Answer 17

anterior

Question 18

how is vesicouteral reflux prevented?

Answer 18

slit like ureter openings and an oblique course through the bladder

Question 19

what are the parts of the bladder?

Answer 19

apex- anterior
base- posterior
neck- beginning of urethra
trigone- triangle formed between ureters and urethra

Question 20

detrusor muscle

Answer 20

wall of bladder

Question 21

uvula

Answer 21

a protusion of the prostate into the urethra

Question 22

what are the 4 regions of the male urethra?

Answer 22

preprostatic, prostatic, membranous (in the diaphragm), and spongy (post diaphragm)

Question 23

what are the 3 accessory genital glands in the male?

Answer 23

seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and the prostate

Question 24

urethral crest and seminal colliculus

Answer 24

the raised posterior wall of the prostatic urethra. urethral sinus is on either side of the crest

Question 25

greater vestibular glands

Answer 25

associated with the vaginal tract in the perineum

Question 26

how does the ratio of cervix to corpus change over life?

Answer 26

at birth, the corpus:cervix ratio is 1/3:2/3. it then becomes 1/2:1/2 in adulthood before child birth. after birth it goes to 1/3:2/3

Question 27

anteverted vs anteflexed

Answer 27

anteverted means the uterus is tipped anteriorly compared to the vagina. anteflexed means the uterus is flexed anteriorly compared to the cervix. normal females are both.

Question 28

what did the round and proper ligament of the ovary originate from?

Answer 28

the gubernaculum

Question 29

where does the round ligament go?

Answer 29

through the deep ring and into the fat of the labia

Question 30

describe the different portions of the uterine tube?

Answer 30

infundiublium- the end ampulla- fat part before the end where fertilization occurs isthmus- skinny part near body of uterus fimbrae- finger like things that catch eggs

Question 31

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Answer 31

carries the vessels that supply the ovary. travels from retroperitoneum

Question 32

vaginal fornix

Answer 32

formed by the recess of the cervix and the vaginal wall. deepest posteriorily

Question 33

palpated structures in females

Answer 33

vagina, cervix, posterior bladder, anterior rectum, ischial spine,w/ bimanual exam- sacrum, ovaries, uterus

Question 34

palpable in men

Answer 34

rectum, prostate, seminal vesicles, ischial spine, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 35

what happens to the transversalis fascia in the pelvis?

Answer 35

it becomes the pelvic fascia

Question 36

what happens to the transperitoneal fascia between the transversalis fascia and the peritoneum?

Answer 36

it becomes the endopelvic fascia

Question 37

what happens to the peritoneum in the pelvis?

Answer 37

it reflects over the bladder

Question 38

what are the 3 ligaments formed via fascial condensation in females

Answer 38

pubocervical/pubovesicle- support the urethra, bladder, cervix, important for continence transverse cervical ligament- anchors the cerxix laterally to the pelvis uterosacral ligament- anchors the cervix and uterus to the sacrum

Question 39

what are the 2 ligaments formed via fascial condensation in males?

Answer 39

puboprostatic ligament- anchors the prostate to the pubic bone sacrogenitcal- anchors the prostate to the sacrum

Question 40

what is the one organ in the pelvis that is not subperitoneal

Answer 40

the uterus- intraperitoneal

Question 41

in males, what are the rectovesical pouch and the pararectal fossae?

Answer 41

rectovesicle- between the prostate and rectum. | pararectal fossae- on either side of the rectum

Question 42

in females, what is the vesicouterine pouch and the rectouterine pouch

Answer 42

vesico- anterior to the uterus | recto- posterior to the uterus

Question 43

where do loose pelvic fluids accumulate in females?

Answer 43

in the rectouterine pouch

Question 44

describe the subcomponents of the broad ligament

Answer 44

off the uterus body- mesometrium between the ovary and uterine tube mesosalpinx between the mesosalpinx and the ovary- mesovarium