Pelvis Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
Hip bone (os coxae) is made up of which 3 bones?
A
- ilium (superior portion)
- ischium (lower posterior portion)
- pubic (lower anterior portion)
2
Q
the two os coxae meet anteriorly at….
posteriorly at….
A
- pubic symphysis joint (allows for movemnent when pregnant up to 9 mm)
- sacroiliac joint
3
Q
the deep pockets of the hip joint are termed….
A
acetabula, accepts head of femur
4
Q
sacrum
A
5 fused vertebrae
5
Q
coccyx
A
4 fused cartilaginous bones
6
Q
sacrospinous ligament
A
- extends from lateral border of sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine
- prevents posterior rotation of ilium with respect to sacrum
- fixation site for pelvic organ prolapse
7
Q
sacrotuberous ligament
A
- with sacrospinous ligament closes off greater sciatic notch to form greater sciatic foramen
- closes of lesser sciatic notch to form lesser sciatic forament
8
Q
pelvis boundaries
A
posterior-upper border of sacral promontory
lateral-ileopectineal line
anterior-upper border of pubis
9
Q
gynaecoid pelvis
A
- ideal shape for vaginal delivery
- side walls straight w/blunt ischial spines
- wide sacro-sciatic notch
- subpubic angle is 90-100
10
Q
anthropoid pelvis
A
- long anteroposterior diameters
- short transverse diameters
- long and narrow sacrum
- wide sacro-sciatic notch
- subpubic angle is less than 90
- ape like
11
Q
android pelvis
A
- common male type
- projecting ischial spines
- narrow sacro-sciatic notch
- subpubic angle is less than 90
12
Q
platypelloid pelvis
A
- flat female type
- short anteroposterior diamater
- long transverse diameter
- sacro-sciatic notch narrow
- sub pubic angle is wide
13
Q
pelvic cavity contains….
A
- urinary bladder
- ureters
- pelvic genital organs
- retum
- blood vessels
- lymphatics
- nerves
14
Q
sacral promontory
A
most superior portion of sacrum
15
Q
sacroiliac joint is made up of….
A
- anterior sacroiliac
- interosseus sacroiliac
- posterior sacroiliac
- sacrotuberous
16
Q
sacro-coccygeal joint is made up of….
A
- anterior sacrococcygeal
- posterior sacrococcygeal
- lateral sacrococcygeal
- intercornual sacrococcygeal
17
Q
problems with the hip ligaments leads to….
A
osteoarthritic changes in femur/acetabulum
18
Q
for every pound overweight you are putting….
A
3 extra pounds of pressure on the hip
19
Q
pelvic inlet
A
superior aperture
20
Q
pelvic outlet
A
inferior aperture
21
Q
greater pelvis
A
- aka false pelvis
- abdominal wall anteriorly
- iliac fossa posteriolaterally
- L5 S1 vertebrae posteriorly
22
Q
lesser pelvis
A
- aka true pelvis
- location of pelvic viscera (bladder and reproductive organs such as uterus and ovaries)
- bounded by hip bones, coccyx, sacrum
- inferiorly by muscular fascial pelvic diaphragm
23
Q
anterior pelvic wall formed by
A
-body and rami of pubic bones and pubic symphysis
24
Q
lateral pelvic wall formed by
A
- hip bone and obturator internus muscle
- below pelvic inlet
- made up of sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
25
posterior pelvic wall formed by
- sacrum and coccyx
| - piriformus muscle covers (wallets cause pain in this area referred to as piriformus syndrome)
26
pelvic floor formed by
- funnel shaped pelvic diaphragm
- consists of levator ani and coccygeus muscles an their fascia
- stretches between pubis anteriorly and coccyx posteriorly from one lateral pelvic wall to the other
27
lavator ani is made up of
- pubococcygeus
- iliococcygeus
- puborectalis
28
in women the pelvic floor consists of....
-muscles, ligaments, connective tissues, and nerves that support the bladder, uterus, vagina, and rectum
29
in men the pelvic floor consists of...
-muscles, tissues, and nerves that support the bladder, rectum, and other pelvic organs
30
levator ani is innervated by
-S4 and inferior anal (rectal) nerve from S2-S4 and the coccygeal plexus
31
Coccygeus muscle: origin
- insertion
- innervation
- ischial spine
- inferior end of sacrum
- branches of S4/S5
32
Pelvic diaphragm
- separates pelvic cavity above and perineal region below
| - muscular partition formed by levator ani and coccygei muscles
33
3 possible areas of constriction in ureters?
- ureteropelvic junction
- pelvic inlet
- entrance to bladder
34
bladder trigone is....
| and is formed by.....
- smooth triangular region of urinary bladder sensitive to stretch/expansion
- 2 ureteric orifice and urethral orifice
35
detrusor muscle
smooth muscle found in wall of urinary bladder
- parasympathetic to contraction of muscle (detrusor) S2/S4
- sympathetic to contraction of internal sphincter
36
male bladder problems
male-benign hyperstatic hypertrophy from prostate limiting urine output
female-
37
bladder innervation
- sympathetic fibers from superior and inferior hypogastric plexus
- parasym from pelvic splanchnic nerves
38
urination is controlled by
sympathetic nervous system, (sphincter)
39
somatic motor control of bladder
- voluntary
| - pudendal nerve maintains tonic contraction of external urethral sphincter until voluntarily inhibited
40
perineum
lies inferior to pelvic outlet and is separated from pelvic cavity by pelvic diaphragm
41
perineum bounded -anteriorly
- anterolaterally
- laterally
- posteriolaterally
- inferiorly
- pubic symphysis
- inferior pubic rami and ischial rami
- ischial tuberosity
- sacrotuberous ligament
- sacrum and coccyx
42
anal triangle
anus
43
urogenital triangle
-root of penis and scortum in males and external genitalia in females
44
perineal membrane
-stretches b/w 2 sides of pubic arch and covers anterior part of outlet
45
perineal body
The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. It is found in both males and females
46
common iliac artery gives rise to
internal iliac
47
artery to head of femur
- supplies head of femur
| - ligament damage around here can cause necrosis from lack of blood flow
48
lymphatics of pelvis
-external/internal/common iliac nodes
49
lymph from common iliac passes to
lateral aortic nodes
50
superior hypogastric plexus
- situated in front of sacral promontory continuation of aortic plexus
- branches from L3/L4
51
inferior hypogastric plexus
- lie on each side of rectum, base of bladder, vagina
| - formed form hypogastric nerve from superior and pelvic splanchnic nerve
