pelvis anat

Question 1

pelvic diaphragm

Answer 1

levator ani (anterior + major)
coccygeus (posterior + minor)

Question 2

structures found on lateral wall of the pelvis

Answer 2

obturator internus
obturator veins
ovaries

Question 3

posterior wall of the pelvis

Answer 3

piriformis muscle
sacral plexus (ant to piriformis) 
more anterior: divisions of internal iliac artery
- posterior 
- anterior: pelvic viscera

Question 4

midline area of the pelvis

Answer 4

viscera: male: bladder + rectum
female: bladder, rectus, uterus/uterine tubes

Question 5

structures in the pelvis extra or intra peritoneal?

Answer 5

extra

outside of the peritoneum

Question 6

uterus parts?

Answer 6

fundus
body
cervix

Question 7

supporting structures of the uterus?

Answer 7

levator ani 
fascial ligaments:
- sacrocervical lig 
- pubocervical
- lateral cervical lig

Question 8

false pelvis

Answer 8

extension of abdomen

between iliac bones

Question 9

true pelvis

boundaries

Answer 9

begins at the pelvic inlet/brim

inferiorly: pelvic diaphragm

Question 10

below the true pelvis

Answer 10

perineum - external genitalia

Question 11

boundaries of inlet

Answer 11

sacral promontory, pubic symphysis

Question 12

pelvis outlet boundaries?

Answer 12

pubic arch
ischial tuberosities
inferior ramus
sacrotuberous ligs

Question 13

differences between male and female pelvis

Answer 13

pubic arch

sacral promontory

Question 14

sacroiliac ligs?

Answer 14

sacroiliac lig anterior and posterior

- fibrous ligaments between

Question 15

sacroiliac joints

Answer 15

synovial plane joint (BUT ALSO interosseous/fibrous joint )

Question 16

bony ligs

function?

Answer 16

sacrospinous
sacrotuberous

form greater and lesser sciatic foramina

prevent upward tilting of pelvis + support

Question 17

Route of which nerve + why? out greater sciatic foramen and into lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 17

pudendal nerve
in order to access the perineum

doesn’t pierce levator ani which can impinge on it

Question 18

difference between
mid inguinal point
midpoint of inguinal ligament?

Answer 18

mid point of inguinal ligament (between asis + pubic tubercle)
- then palpate femoral pulse

other between asis + pubic symphysis

Question 19

fascial ligs of pelvis
list but don’t know where they are
all supporting uterus
in addition to the lev ani

Answer 19

pubocervical (anterior)
transcervical (side wall)
sacrocervical (posterior)

Question 20

coccygeus muscle attachments

Answer 20

attaches to coccyx bone

Question 21

levator ani?

parts

Answer 21

puborectalis/pubo rectal sling (holds it forward)

pubic bone –> coccyx: pubococcygeus

iliococcygeus

Question 22

sphincters around the anus

Answer 22

external - voluntary
internal - involuntary

beneath skin: subcutaneous sphincter

Question 23

ureter + uterine vessels found?

Answer 23

pelvic floor

Question 24

ureter + uterine vessels relation

Answer 24

ureters pass deep to uterine vessels

water under the bridge

Question 25

complication of hysterectomy?

Answer 25

damage to ureter when clamping uterine vessels

Question 26

pelvic lateral wall

Answer 26

obturator internus

Question 27

origin of levator ani

Answer 27

levator ani originates from fascia of obturator internus --> tendinous arc

Question 28

obturator nerve origin

Answer 28

L2-L4

Question 29

femoral nerve origin

Answer 29

L2-L4

Question 30

obturator artery branches off of... | obturator vein drains to ...

Answer 30

internal iliac artery | internal iliac vein

Question 31

pudendal nerve - accompanied by

Answer 31

internal pudendal artery + vein drains into /branches from/ internal iliac

Question 32

pudendal nerve roots

Answer 32

S2,3,4

Question 33

layers

Answer 33

bone - sacrum muscle - piriformis nerves - sacral plexus vessels

Question 34

retropubic space

Answer 34

suprapubic catheter - into the bladder without piercing peritoneum - just above pubic symphysis its extraperitoneal

Question 35

perineum divided into

Answer 35

urogenital triangle anal triangle

Question 36

innervation of perineum

Answer 36

pudendal nerve S2-S4

Question 37

superificial perineal pouch

Answer 37

external genitalia, vulva, vagina, etc etc between inferior fascial layer of the urogenital diaphragm to the skin

Question 38

deep perineal pouch

Answer 38

inferior (perineal membrane) and superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm potential space - filled with muscle

Question 39

anal triangle holds

Answer 39

ischitana fossa - susceptible to cysts and abscesses - fat filled space

Question 40

nerves within ischianal fossa

Answer 40

inferior retal/anal nerves from pudendal nerve

Question 41

removal of cysts in ischioanal fossa complication

Answer 41

damage of nerves: | faecally incontinent

Question 42

vestibule

Answer 42

cleft like space/ structure between the labia minora the vaginal tubes + urethra opens into it

Question 43

tear of primal body | episiotomy

Answer 43

superficial and transverse perineal muscles can be dislodged - incontinence

Question 44

urogenital diaphragm muscles

Answer 44

deep and superficial transverse perineal muscles and sphincter urethrae