Pelvis Anatomy

Question 1

What is the pelvis compromised of

Answer 1

3 bones

Sacrum
Left and right hip bones (innominate) bones

Question 2

What is the hip bone compromised of

Answer 2

3 smaller bones that fuse together

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 3

How many articulations does the bony pelvis have

Answer 3

5

Question 4

What are the names of the articulations of the bony pelvis

Answer 4

Hip joint
Sacroiliac joint
Pubic symphysis
Lumbosacral joint
Sacrococcygeal joint

Question 5

What is the hip joint

Answer 5

Head of the femur and the acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis

Question 6

Where is the sacroiliac joint

Answer 6

Between sacrum and ilium of the hip bone

Question 7

What are the features of the sacroiliac joint

Answer 7

Very stable and strong

Supported by many ligaments

Question 8

Where is the pubic symphysis

Answer 8

Between the two pubic bones

Question 9

What are the features of the pubic symphysis

Answer 9

Almost no movement is permitted at the pubic symphysis

Question 10

Where is the lumbosacral joint

Answer 10

Between the 5th lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum (an intervertebral disc lies between the two)

Question 11

Where is the sacrococcygeal joint

Answer 11

Between the sacrum and coccyx

Question 12

Where is the most anterior point of the ilium

Answer 12

Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 13

Where is the most lateral point of the ilium

Answer 13

Iliac tubercule

Question 14

What does the line drawn between each iliac tubercles mark

Answer 14

Division of the lower third of the abdomen from the middle third

Delineating the suprapubic region from the umbilical and the iliac fossae from the flanks

Question 15

What is the intertubercular line

Answer 15

A line drawn between each iliac tubercle

Question 16

What is the most medial point of the pubic bone

Answer 16

Pubic tubercle

Question 17

Where does the inguinal ligament run

Answer 17

Runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Question 18

What is the mid-inguinal point

Answer 18

Mid-point of a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis

Question 19

Where is the femoral artery palpable

Answer 19

Mid-inguinal point

Question 20

What organs does the pelvis contain

Answer 20

Gastrointestinal and genitourinary system

Question 21

What is the arterial supply of the pelvis

Answer 21

Left and right iliac arteries

Question 22

What do the iliac arteries give rise to branches which supply

Answer 22

Pelvic viscera

Question 23

What are the key branches of the internal iliac arteries

Answer 23

Vesical arteries
Uterine and vaginal arteries (female)
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Question 24

What does the middle rectal artery supply

Answer 24

Rectum

Question 25

What does the internal pudendal artery supply

Answer 25

Exits the pelvis to supply the perineum

Question 26

What do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply

Answer 26

Exit the pelvis to supply the gluteal (buttock) region

Question 27

What drains the pelvic organs

Answer 27

Several venous plexuses

Question 28

What do the venous plexuses unite and drain into

Answer 28

Mostly the internal iliac vein

Question 29

What type of nerves supply the pelvis

Answer 29

Somatic Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Question 30

What are they key nerves from the sacral plexus

Answer 30

Sciatic nerve Pudendal nerve Superior and inferior gluteal nerves Pelvis splanchnic nerves

Question 31

What is the sciatic nerve formed by

Answer 31

By lumbar and sacral nerves L4-S3

Question 32

Where does the sciatic nerve exit and what does it supply

Answer 32

Exits pelvis Supplies lower limb

Question 33

What is the pudendal nerve formed by

Answer 33

Spinal nerves S2-4

Question 34

Where does the pudendal nerve exit and what does it supply

Answer 34

Exits pelvis Major nerve of the perineum

Question 35

Where does the superior and inferior gluteal nerves exit and what do these innervate

Answer 35

Exits the pelvis Innervate gluteal region

Question 36

What do pelvic splanchnic nerves carry

Answer 36

Parasympathetic fibres from S2-S4 spinal cord segments

Question 37

Where do splanchnic nerves travel

Answer 37

Pelvic viscera

Question 38

Where are sympathetic nerves that innervate the pelvic viscera derived from

Answer 38

Lumbar splanchnic nerves

Question 39

What is the pelvic floor

Answer 39

Collective name for several muscles that support the pelvic organs from below

Question 40

What are the three primary functions of the pelvic floor

Answer 40

Prevent herniation - pelvic organs inferiorly, out of the pelvis Control continence of urine and faeces - provide a sphincter action of urethra and rectum respectively Aid in increasing intra-abdominal pressure

Question 41

What are the muscles which make up the pelvic floor

Answer 41

Levator ani Coccygeus

Question 42

What is the levator ani composed of

Answer 42

Puborectalis Pubococcygeus Iliococcygeus

Question 43

Where is the perineum

Answer 43

Immediately superficial and inferior to the pelvic floor

Question 44

Where is the superficial region of the perineum

Answer 44

Between the pubic symphysis and coccyx and medial surfaces of the thighs

Question 45

When viewed from above what shape is the perineum

Answer 45

Diamond shaped

Question 46

What can the perineum be split into

Answer 46

2 triangles

Question 47

What are the names of the two triangles the perineum can be split into

Answer 47

Anal triangle (posteriorly) Urogenital triangle (anteriorly)

Question 48

What does the anal triangle contain

Answer 48

The opening of the anus and the external anal sphincter

Question 49

How many layers does the urogenital triangle have

Answer 49

5

Question 50

What are the layers if the urogenital triangle

Answer 50

Skin Perineal fascia Superficial perineal pouch Perineal membrane Deep perineal pouch

Question 51

What opens out through the skin in the pelvis

Answer 51

Urethra and vagina

Question 52

What is the perineal fascia

Answer 52

Continuation of the fascia overlying the abdominal wall muscles

Question 53

What is the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 53

Potential space which contains the erectile tissues of the penis or clitoris

Question 54

How many muscles does the superifical perineal pouch contain

Answer 54

3

Question 55

What are the names of the three muscles in the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 55

Ischiocavernosus Bubospongiosus Superficial transverse perineal muscles

Question 56

What is the perineal membrane

Answer 56

A strong fibrous membrane that provides support for attachment of the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus

Question 57

What foes the perineal membrane have

Answer 57

Specific holes in for the urethra and vagina

Question 58

What is the deep perineal pouch

Answer 58

Potential space between the perineal membrane and the pelvic floor muscles

Question 59

What does the deep perineal pouch contain

Answer 59

Parts of the vagina, urethra and the external urethral sphincter

Question 60

What sits between the two triangles of the perineum

Answer 60

Perineal body

Question 61

What is the perineal body

Answer 61

Dense mass of fibrous tissue and muscle Acts as an attachment for almost all perineal and pelvic floor muscles