Pelvis and Lower Extremity

Question 1

False pelvis

Answer 1

Region superior to pelvic brim. Comprises inferior portion of abdominal cavity.

Question 2

True pelvis

Answer 2

Region inferior to pelvic brim.

Question 3

Characteristics of female pelvis

Answer 3

False pelvis: Shallow
Pelvic brim: Large, more oval
Acetabulum: Faces anteriorly
Obturator foramen: Round
Pubic arch: Greater than 90 degrees
Sacrum: Short, wide, more curved anteriorly
Pelvic outlet: Wider

Question 4

Characteristics of male pelvis

Answer 4

False pelvis: Deep
Pelvic brim: Heart-shaped
Acetabulum: Faces laterally
Obturator foramen: Oval
Pubic arch: Less than 90 degrees
Sacrum: Long, narrow, less curved anteriorly
Pelvic outlet: Narrower

Question 5

Fovea capitus

Answer 5

Depression within head of femur. Attachment site for ligament that secures head to acetabulum.

Question 6

Most common site of pelvic fractures

Answer 6

Neck of femur

Question 7

Q angle

Answer 7

Angle formed by a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine through the center of the patella and a line drawn from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tubercle.

Question 8

Increased Q angle results in _____.

Answer 8

Genum valgum (knock knees)

Question 9

Decreased Q angle results in _____.

Answer 9

Genum varum (bowed legs)

Question 10

Patella

Answer 10

Sesamoid bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris. Increases muscle leverage and maintains position of tendon when leg is flexed.

Question 11

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

Answer 11

Runner’s knee. Caused by overuse of improper tracking of patella over femur.

Question 12

Often used as source of bone graft

Answer 12

Fibula

Question 13

Axis of pelvis

Answer 13

Perpendicular lines through pelvic inlet then following axis of concavity

Question 14

Femur articulates ____.

Answer 14

with the coxal bone proximally and the patella and tibia distally.

Question 15

Features on posterior femur for muscle attachment

Answer 15

Gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera

Question 16

Projections on femur that serve as attachment points for gluteal and thigh muscles

Answer 16

Greater and lesser trochanters

Question 17

Tibial tuberosity

Answer 17

Attachment site for patellar ligament

Question 18

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Answer 18

Between head of fibula and tibia on inferior surface of lateral condyle

Question 19

Distal tibiofibular joint

Answer 19

Between distal end of fibula and fibular notch of tibia

Question 20

Talus articulates with ____

Answer 20

lateral and medial malleoli to form talocrural joint.

Question 21

Tarsal bone

Answer 21

Talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, and cuneiforms- medial, intermediate and lateral

Question 22

Lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 22

Consists of calcaneus, cuboid, and IV and V metatarsals

Question 23

Medial longitudinal arch

Answer 23

Consists of calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and I-III metatarsals

Question 24

Transverse arch

Answer 24

Consists of navicular, cuneiforms, and proximal heads of metatarsals I-IV

Question 25

Flat foot

Answer 25

Can be asymptomatic anatomical variant. Can also occur due to loosening of tendons and ligaments that support the arch.

Question 26

Pes cavus (high arches)

Answer 26

Can be normal asymptomatic anatomical variant. Can also be due to different neurological disorders.

Question 27

Congenital talipes (club foot)

Answer 27

Feet turned medially and inverted. Genetic factors plus in utero positioning thought to play a role.

Question 28

Bunion

Answer 28

Lateral deviation of the hallux.

Question 29

Function of arches of the foot

Answer 29

Allow foot to distribute support of body weight. Not rigid and yield as weight is applied (shock absorbers) Provide leverage during walking.

Question 30

Paired articular facets on posterior surface articulate with _____

Answer 30

distal femur