Pelvis and Pelvic Viscera

Question 1

3 components of the pelvic girdle

Answer 1

innominate
sacrum
coccyx

Question 2

innominate includes

Answer 2

ilium

ischium

pubis

Question 3

greater pelvis DEF

Answer 3

located superiorly, it provides support of the lower abdominal viscera (such as the ileum and sigmoid colon). It has little obstetric relevance.

Question 4

lesser pelvis DEF

Answer 4

located inferiorly. Within the lesser pelvis reside the pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera.

Question 5

What is the division between the greater and lesser pelvis?

Answer 5

the pelvic inlet

Question 6

Boundaries/components of the of the pelvic inlet (brim)

Answer 6

sacral promontory
arcuate line of ilium
pectineal line of pubis
pubic symphysis

Question 7

Components of the pelvic outlet

Answer 7

Coccyx, sacrotuberous lig., sacrospinous lig., ischial tuberosities, pubic arch

The pelvic outlet is located at the end of the lesser pelvis, and the beginning of the pelvic wall.

Question 8

What the pelvic outlet an opening into?

Answer 8

perineum NOT lower extremity

Question 9

What two joints are included in the pelvic girdle?

Answer 9

pubic symphysis- secondary cartilagenous joint
—Usually, there are no movements on this joint, except in pregnancy when the ligaments and cartilage soften, allowing the increase of pelvic diameters during labor.

sacroiliac joint- synovial joint
–limited mobility: gliding and rotation; ligaments of the joint soften during pregnancy –> increase of pelvic diameter during childbirth

Question 10

iliolumbar ligament attachments

Answer 10

from transverse process of L5 & sacrum to iliac crest

Question 11

iliolumbar ligament function

Answer 11

restrains contralateral flexion of L5 on S1

Question 12

inguinal ligament attachments

Answer 12

from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

lacunar ligament- from medial end of the inguinal ligament to medial end of pecten pubis

pectineal ligament- from the inguinal ligament to the pectineal line

Question 13

sacroiliac ligaments - ventral

Answer 13

the anterior sacroiliac ligament extends from the ala of the ilium, just anterior to the auricular surface, to the pelvic surface of the sacrum.

Question 14

sacroiliac ligaments- dorsal

Answer 14

from lateral sacral crest to posterior superior iliac spine

Question 15

sacrospinous ligament attachments

Answer 15

** SEPARATION BETWEEN GREATER AND LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN

from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum

Question 16

sacrotuberous ligament attachments

Answer 16

from posterior iliac spine & lateral margin of sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Question 17

sacroiliac ligament- interosseous

Answer 17

goes between articular surfaces

a short but very strong band that spans the gap between the sacrum and ilium on the posterior side of the joint by attaching to their tuberosities, just behind the auricular surfaces.

Question 18

What is the subpubic angle for males?

Answer 18

70 degrees

Question 19

What is the subpubic angle for females?

Answer 19

90-100 degrees

Question 20

Male pelvis characteristics

Answer 20

heart shaped inlet
narrow outlet
narrow cavity
narrow, convex sacrum

Question 21

Female pelvis characteristics

Answer 21

oval shaped inlet
roomy outlet
roomy cavity
wide, flat sacrum

Question 22

Characteristics of the rectum

Answer 22

smooth walls
5 inches long
surrounded by internal and external anal sphincters

vv.- portal system

aa. - inferior mesenteric artery, internal iliac artery

Question 23

What anatomical structure is the urinary bladder directly posterior to?

Answer 23

the pubic symphysis

Question 24

What is the retrouterine pouch?

Answer 24

An extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and back wall of the uterus. T

Question 25

What is located posterior-superior to the urinary bladder in a female?

Answer 25

the uterus

Question 26

puboprostatic ligaments

Answer 26

hold and stabilize the prostate against the pubic bone

Question 27

The pelvic floor muscles are just ____ to the prostate in males

Answer 27

inferior

Question 28

What is directly posterior to the urinary bladder in males?

Answer 28

the rectovesical pouch

Question 29

function of ductus deferens

Answer 29

conveys sperm to ejaculatory duct sperm flows superior to inferior

Question 30

the function of the seminal glands

Answer 30

contributes to 85% of ejaculate coagulating proteins, fructose, prostaglandins, and other specific proteins

Question 31

Where is the ureter in relation to the ductus deferens?

Answer 31

The ureter passes directly posterior and inferior to the ductus deferens.

Question 32

The ductus deferens is positioned posterior to the _____

Answer 32

bladder

Question 33

Formation of ejaculatory ducts

Answer 33

Seminal glands meet with ductus deferens to form ejaculatory ducts within the prostate

Question 34

Function and location of prostate

Answer 34

surrounds prostatic urethra contributes alkaline fluid - the prostate's primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm (seminal fluid). pyramidal fibromuscular gland 'shape of walnut'

Question 35

Where do the secretions of the bulbourethral glands go?

Answer 35

spongy part of urethra a. They contribute to the final volume of semen by producing a lubricating mucus secretion.

Question 36

4 parts of the urethra:

Answer 36

1.) pre-prostatic (at neck of bladder) 2.) prostatic 3.) membranous in the deep transverse perineal musculature 4.) spongy part

Question 37

The function of the bulbourethral glands

Answer 37

lubricating function lubricate the spongy urethra for the passage of the ejaculate. Due to the alkaline pH of the excreted fluid, they also act to neutralize residual acidic urine that remains in the spongy urethra. small, round, yellow

Question 38

The cervix

Answer 38

The lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal).

Question 39

Parts of the uterus

Answer 39

1. Fundus 2. Corpus - body 3. Cervix [L. neck] 4. Internal and external os--> boundaries of the cervix

Question 40

round ligament of the uterus function

Answer 40

the round ligament supports and anchors the uterus. During pregnancy, the round ligaments stretch.

Question 41

Function of the uterine tubes

Answer 41

The uterine tubes, also known as oviducts or fallopian tubes, are the female structures that transport the ova from the ovary to the uterus each month. direct ovocyte from peritoneal cavity to the uterine cavity

Question 42

Ovary

Answer 42

female gonads composed of dense fibrous tissue in which ova are produced and discharged from follicles (ovulation) size of almond

Question 43

infundibulum function

Answer 43

The infundibulum catches and channels the released eggs

Question 44

What is more lateral to the ovary, the ampulla or the isthmus (uterine tube) ?

Answer 44

the ampulla

Question 45

The uterus function

Answer 45

fetal development and delivery thick-walled muscular organ

Question 46

broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 46

The mesometrium is the mesentery of the uterus. It constitutes the majority of the broad ligament of the uterus, excluding only the portions adjacent to the uterine tube (the mesosalpinx) and ovary (the mesovarium).

Question 47

What is the endometrium of the uterus?

Answer 47

uterine lining

Question 48

Function of vagina and termination of vagina:

Answer 48

canal for menstrual fluid inferior part of birth canal sexual intercourse cervical canal (start)--> vaginal vestibule (end) termination of vagina: vaginal vestibule

Question 49

Peritoneal folds/regions of the broad ligament

Answer 49

mesosalpinx- closest to the uterine rube mesovarium- covering the ovary mesometrium- layer going inferior around the body of the uterus

Question 50

Collateral circulation to the female internal reproductive organs:

Answer 50

ovaries- ovarian vessels in ovarian suspensory ligament uterus-uterine vessels (through broad ligament) vagina- uterine, vaginal, and internal pudendal vessels

Question 51

Functions of broad ligament of the uterus:

Answer 51

supports ovary supports uterus passage for blood supply