Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards
(36 cards)
Name the 5 main bones that make up the bony pelvis.
Ischium Ileum Sacrum Pubis Coccyx
What are the angles of inclination of the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet?
Pelvic inlet - 50-60 degrees with horizontal
Pelvic outlet - 10-15% with the horizontal.
Why is the pelvic outlet both bony and ligamentous?
To enable expansion during birth.
What is the difference in subpubic angle between males and females?
Females have a larger subpubic angle to allow for birth.
Females greater than 90 degrees.
Men less than 80 degrees.
What are the peritoneum pouches in males and females?
Males:
- rectovesical pouch between the rectum and the bladder.
Females:
- rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas) between the rectum and the uterus.
- utero-vesical pouch between uterus and bladder
What is the function of the pelvic floor/diaphragm?
Supports the pelvic organs.
Separates the pelvic cavity from the external genitalia.
What muscles make up the pelvic floor/diaphragm?
Coccygeus - lateral fibres more posterior. Levator ani - made up of 3 muscles: - puborectalis (from pubis to rectum) - pubococcygeus (from pubis to coccyx) - ilicoccygeus (from ileum to coccyx)
What are the muscles that make up the perineum?
Bulbospongiosus - central muscle
Ischiocavernosus - lateral walls of the urogenital triangle.
Transverse perineal muscle - posterior wall of the urogenital triangle.
Perineal body - where muscle merge.
What is the perineal membrane?
Located between inferior part of the diaphragm and perineal muscles.
Forms the superficial perineal pouch.
Why do the testes hang outside the body?
They require to be cooler than the rest of the body.
Name the 3 arteries in the spermatic cord.
Testicular artery
Cremasteric artery
Deferential artery
Name the 3 veins in the artery.
Pampiniform plexus
Cremasteric vein
Deferential vein
Name the 3 fascial covering of the spermatic cord and what they’re derived from.
External spermatic fascia - derived from external oblique
Cremaster muscle and fascia - derived from internal oblique
Internal spermatic fascia - derived from transversalis fascia.
Name the 3 nerves in the spermatic cord.
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve - L1-L2
Ilioinguinal nerve - L1 via lumbar plexus
Autonomic nerves
Name 3 other structures in the spermatic cord.
Lymphaticss
Vas deferns
Processus vaginalis
What passes through the inguinal canal in females?
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
What is the Rete Testis?
Anastomosing network of tubules in hilum of the testicle
What is the epididymis?
Convoluted duct behind the test.
Sperm passes through this to the vas deferens
What are the seminiferous tubules and what are they made up of?
Site of germination, maturation and transportation of sperm cells within the male testes.
Made up of:
- Leydig cells - secrete testosterone
- Sertoli cells - support sperm development.
What is the function of the prostate?
Secretes citrate - energy source for sperm motility.
Secretes enzyme to break down semen clots.
What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
Secrete alkaline fluid with fructose, enzymes and prostaglandins.
What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?
Secretes viscous fluid for sperm to travel in.
What are the 3 erectile tissues of the penis?
Paired corpus cavernosa. Corpus spongiosum (contains the urethra)
Name the 4 muscles at the root of the penis.
2x Bulbospongiosus - contracts to empty the spongey urethra.
2x Ischiocavernosus - contracts to force blood into the cavernous space to maintain an erection.