Pelvis and perineum anatomy Flashcards
(31 cards)
What bones form the pelvis?
The pelvis is formed by the sacrum, coccyx, and a pair of hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis).
What are the two main divisions of the pelvic cavity?
The pelvic cavity is divided into the false pelvis (above the pelvic brim) and the true pelvis (below the pelvic brim).
Which two triangles form the perineum?
The perineum is divided into the urogenital triangle (anterior) and the anal triangle (posterior).
What is the main nerve supplying the perineum?
The pudendal nerve is the main nerve supplying the perineum, controlling the external urethral and anal sphincters.
Name the muscles that form the pelvic floor.
The pelvic floor is formed by the levator ani group (pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus) and the coccygeus muscle.
What are the main branches of the internal iliac artery?
The main branches of the internal iliac artery include the superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, obturator, and umbilical arteries.
Which structure in the male pelvis surrounds the urethra and can be a site of cancer or enlargement?
The prostate gland surrounds the urethra in the male pelvis and can be a site of cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
What role does the pelvic splanchnic nerve play?
The pelvic splanchnic nerves carry parasympathetic fibers to the pelvic organs, controlling functions like urination, defecation, and sexual arousal.
What is the significance of the ischial spine in clinical practice?
The ischial spine is a landmark for administering a pudendal nerve block during childbirth.
What are the potential consequences of pelvic floor muscle weakness?
Weakness in the pelvic floor muscles can lead to pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence.
What is the difference between male and female bony inlet?
What are the ligaments in the pelvis
What are the male internal genital organ in the pelvic girdle
What is the arterial blood supply of the prostrate
What are the histological division of the prostate
How do we divide the broad ligament?
What is the venous blood supply of the pastorate
Identify the structures that form the boundaries of the pelvic inlet and outlet.
What are the boundaries of the perineum?
Anterior: Pubic symphysis
Posterior: Coccyx
Lateral: Ischial tuberosities
Anterolateral: Ischiopubic rami
Posterolateral: Sacrotuberous ligaments
What is the perineal body and its significance?
Perineal Body: A fibromuscular mass located at the center of the perineum.
Significance: Serves as an attachment point for perineal muscles, providing structural support to the pelvic floor.
Differentiate between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle.
Urogenital Triangle: Contains external genitalia and the openings of the urethra and vagina (in females).
Anal Triangle: Contains the anus and ischioanal fossae.
What structures are found in the deep perineal pouch?
In males: Membranous urethra, deep transverse perineal muscles, bulbourethral glands, and neurovascular structures.
In females: Part of the urethra, deep transverse perineal muscles, and neurovascular structures.
What is the role of the ischioanal fossa?
Role: Provides space for the expansion of the anal canal during defecation and contains fat, inferior rectal vessels, and nerves.
What is the pelvic diaphragm, and what muscles compose it?
Pelvic Diaphragm: The muscular floor of the pelvis that supports the pelvic organs.
Muscles:
Levator ani (composed of the pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus)
Coccygeus
