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PEMS Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

What are the three theories of motivation?

A

Drive
Incentive
Evolutionary

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2
Q

What are the two factors in motivation of hunger?

A

Biological (brain and digestive & hormonal regulation)
Environmental

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3
Q

Name the three hormones involved in the regulation of hunger and explain their roles

A

Ghrelin (hunger hormone) - causes stomach contractions to increase hunger
CCK/Cholecystokinin - reduces hunger by delivering satiety hormones
Leptin (satiety hormone) - long term regulation of hunger

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4
Q

Name the causes of obesity

A

Genetic disposition
Excessive diet & physical inactivity
Lack of rest & inadequate sleep
Set point

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5
Q

Name and explain the stages of the Sexual response cycle

A
  1. Excitement - fast arousal (muscle tension and increase in BP, heart rate and respiratory rate)
  2. Plateau - slower arousal
  3. Orgasm- the peak of arousal is reached and expressed through muscular contractions around pelvic area
  4. Resolution - the physiological effects of arousal slowly decline
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6
Q

What do women look for in men?

A

Stability, resources and ambition
Less sexual partners/ uncomitted sex
Provider

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7
Q

What do men look for in women?

A

Potential to reproduce (fertility)
Attractiveness and youthfulness
More sexual partners and uncomitted sex

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8
Q

Who said easier tasks are less arousing and satisfying?

A

Yerkes- Dodson

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9
Q

What influences the pursuit of success?

A

How strong the motivation is
The estimate of the probability of achieving task
The incentive after success

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10
Q

What are the elements of emotional experience?

A

Cognitive (appraisal)
Physiological (arousal)
Behavioural (expression /action)

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11
Q

What do we call the efforts to predict one’s response to future events?

A

Effective forecasting

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12
Q

The connection between which two components for the basis of a polygraph test?

A

Emotion and autonomic arousal

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13
Q

What is the seat of emotions in the brain

A

Hypothalamus
Amygdala ( plays a role in acquisition of fear)
Adjacent structures

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14
Q

Discuss the cross - cultural similarities in emotional experience

A

Emotions can be read by facial exressions
Similar appraisal leading to emotions

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15
Q

Discuss the cross - cultural differences in the emotion experience

A

Some categorise emotions differently and some don’t even have words for sadness/depression/ anxiety /remorse
Some don’t allow the expression of emotions ( Display rules)

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16
Q

Explain the James - Lange theory of emotions

A

You feel afraid because you’re shaking, thus meaning the stimulus leads to arousal which then leads to the feeling

Stimulus - autonomic arousal - conscious feeling

17
Q

Explain the Cannon - Bard theory

A

Arousal and feelings occur simultaneously and independently

Stimulus - cognitive appraisal - autonomic arousal and conscious feeling

Cortex ( conscious feelings) and ANS (involuntary)

18
Q

Schacter two factor theory

A

Believes that arousal occurs before feeling (James - Lange) but also that there is appraisal involved (Cannon - Bard)

Stimulus - cognitive appraisal and autonomic arousal - feeling

19
Q

Common sense for emotions ( similar to Lazarus’ idea)

A

I tremble because I am afraid

Stimulus - conscious feeling - autonomic arousal

20
Q

Differentiate between character and personality

A

Character - values and beliefs that you have
Personality - how you act

21
Q

What are the uses of the factor analysis

A

Integrates results from different researches
Identify underlying dimensions to personality traits
Identify underlying components to cognitive abilities
Identify underlying dimensions to mental health disorders

22
Q

Explain the Five Factor model of personality traits

A

Extraversion - outgoing, sociable
Agreeableness - trusting, peaceful
Openness to experience - prefers variety, creative
Conscientiousness - careful, organised, disciplined
Neuroticism - insecure, worried, self-pitying

23
Q

Explain the structure of personality according to Sigmund Freud

A

The Id- the pleasure principle
Superego - moral principle
Ego - decision making ( reality principle)

The ego is the only on that exists both in the consciousness and unconsciousness

24
Q

Explain the different defense mechanisms

A

Rationalisation - justifying unacceptable behaviour using false but plausible excuses
Sublimation - refocusing otherwise negative emotions into something that is acceptable
Dissociation - creating a fantasy in which you escape reality and create an image of yourself to cope with stress with stress
Identification - identifying yourself with a fake/real alliance you created with another person or group
Regression -resorting to immature behaviour
Repression - burying unpleasant thoughts in the unconsciousness
Projection - when you assert your emotions/thoughts /motives as another person’s
Displacement - when you turn certain reaction emotions from original source to an inferior target victim
Reaction formation - when you don’t act like the way you actually feel

25
Explain the psychosexual stages as defined by Sigmund Freud
Oral stage - focus is on mouth Anal stage - focus is on anus Phallic stage - focus is on genitals Latency and genital stages - focus on genitals is suppressed and there's more investment in socialising
26
What did Carl Jung suggest?
That all humans share a collective unconsciousness which is a storehouse for archetypes (memories of ancestors) that cam be expressed in dreams, behaviour and stories
27