PEMS Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the three theories of motivation?
Drive
Incentive
Evolutionary
What are the two factors in motivation of hunger?
Biological (brain and digestive & hormonal regulation)
Environmental
Name the three hormones involved in the regulation of hunger and explain their roles
Ghrelin (hunger hormone) - causes stomach contractions to increase hunger
CCK/Cholecystokinin - reduces hunger by delivering satiety hormones
Leptin (satiety hormone) - long term regulation of hunger
Name the causes of obesity
Genetic disposition
Excessive diet & physical inactivity
Lack of rest & inadequate sleep
Set point
Name and explain the stages of the Sexual response cycle
- Excitement - fast arousal (muscle tension and increase in BP, heart rate and respiratory rate)
- Plateau - slower arousal
- Orgasm- the peak of arousal is reached and expressed through muscular contractions around pelvic area
- Resolution - the physiological effects of arousal slowly decline
What do women look for in men?
Stability, resources and ambition
Less sexual partners/ uncomitted sex
Provider
What do men look for in women?
Potential to reproduce (fertility)
Attractiveness and youthfulness
More sexual partners and uncomitted sex
Who said easier tasks are less arousing and satisfying?
Yerkes- Dodson
What influences the pursuit of success?
How strong the motivation is
The estimate of the probability of achieving task
The incentive after success
What are the elements of emotional experience?
Cognitive (appraisal)
Physiological (arousal)
Behavioural (expression /action)
What do we call the efforts to predict one’s response to future events?
Effective forecasting
The connection between which two components for the basis of a polygraph test?
Emotion and autonomic arousal
What is the seat of emotions in the brain
Hypothalamus
Amygdala ( plays a role in acquisition of fear)
Adjacent structures
Discuss the cross - cultural similarities in emotional experience
Emotions can be read by facial exressions
Similar appraisal leading to emotions
Discuss the cross - cultural differences in the emotion experience
Some categorise emotions differently and some don’t even have words for sadness/depression/ anxiety /remorse
Some don’t allow the expression of emotions ( Display rules)
Explain the James - Lange theory of emotions
You feel afraid because you’re shaking, thus meaning the stimulus leads to arousal which then leads to the feeling
Stimulus - autonomic arousal - conscious feeling
Explain the Cannon - Bard theory
Arousal and feelings occur simultaneously and independently
Stimulus - cognitive appraisal - autonomic arousal and conscious feeling
Cortex ( conscious feelings) and ANS (involuntary)
Schacter two factor theory
Believes that arousal occurs before feeling (James - Lange) but also that there is appraisal involved (Cannon - Bard)
Stimulus - cognitive appraisal and autonomic arousal - feeling
Common sense for emotions ( similar to Lazarus’ idea)
I tremble because I am afraid
Stimulus - conscious feeling - autonomic arousal
Differentiate between character and personality
Character - values and beliefs that you have
Personality - how you act
What are the uses of the factor analysis
Integrates results from different researches
Identify underlying dimensions to personality traits
Identify underlying components to cognitive abilities
Identify underlying dimensions to mental health disorders
Explain the Five Factor model of personality traits
Extraversion - outgoing, sociable
Agreeableness - trusting, peaceful
Openness to experience - prefers variety, creative
Conscientiousness - careful, organised, disciplined
Neuroticism - insecure, worried, self-pitying
Explain the structure of personality according to Sigmund Freud
The Id- the pleasure principle
Superego - moral principle
Ego - decision making ( reality principle)
The ego is the only on that exists both in the consciousness and unconsciousness
Explain the different defense mechanisms
Rationalisation - justifying unacceptable behaviour using false but plausible excuses
Sublimation - refocusing otherwise negative emotions into something that is acceptable
Dissociation - creating a fantasy in which you escape reality and create an image of yourself to cope with stress with stress
Identification - identifying yourself with a fake/real alliance you created with another person or group
Regression -resorting to immature behaviour
Repression - burying unpleasant thoughts in the unconsciousness
Projection - when you assert your emotions/thoughts /motives as another person’s
Displacement - when you turn certain reaction emotions from original source to an inferior target victim
Reaction formation - when you don’t act like the way you actually feel
