Penicillin

Question 1

Penicillins are what kind of active agent?

Answer 1

Cell wall active

Question 2

Inhibits protein synthesis in tuberculosis by inhibiting RNA Polymerase.

Answer 2

Rifampin

Question 3

The active component of Penicillin.

Answer 3

Beta-lactam ring

Question 4

Penicillin MOA

Answer 4

Binds to Transpeptidase, preventing the formation of the bacterial cell wall.

Question 5

Function of Transpeptidase.

Answer 5

1) Links peptidoglycans together to form the bacterial cell wall..
2) Allows glycoside residues to stick to the the peptidoglycan chain.

Question 6

This enzyme is bifunctional in the synthesis of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall.

Answer 6

Transpeptidase

Question 7

Transpeptidase activity is called this bc of it’s bifunctional nature.

Answer 7

Transglycolase activity

Question 8

Penicillins only work on these organisms.

Answer 8

Actively replicating

Question 9

Penicillins will not kill these organisms.

Answer 9

Static or stationary phase bacteria.

Question 10

These are most commonly encoded on plasmids to cause Penicillin resistance.

Answer 10

Beta Lactamases

Question 11

Abbreviation for Transpeptidase.

Answer 11

PBP

Question 12

Alterations in these can decrease susceptibility to many penicillins.

Answer 12

PBP transpeptidases.

Question 13

MRSA

Answer 13

Methicillin-resistant Staph aureus

Question 14

There’s Penicillin-resistant

Answer 14

Strep pneumonia

Question 15

These Penicillins are most prescribed by dentists.

Answer 15

Natural Penicillins (Pen V and Pen G)

Question 16

Which natural Penicillin is better orally?

Answer 16

Pen V bc Pen G is acid labile.

Question 17

For serious infections of oral anaerobes that have beta lactamases, which antibiotic is best?

Answer 17

Clindamycin.

Question 18

These Penicillins are used more for their better absorptoin and long half-life with similar activity to Penicillin.

Answer 18

Amino penicillins, like Amoxicillin

Question 19

Penicillin used commonly for prophy for endocarditis.

Answer 19

Amoxicillin (2g 1 hr prior to invasive dental procedure).

Question 20

Not a good anti-Staphylococcal drug and is still degraded by beta lactamases.

Answer 20

Amoxicillin

Question 21

Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillin

Answer 21

Nafcillin

Question 22

Amino Penicillin

Answer 22

Amoxicillin

Question 23

Extended spectrum Penicillin

Answer 23

Piperacillin

Question 24

If allergic to Penicillin, can get this.

Answer 24

Desensitization

Question 25

Adverse effect of Methicillin allergy

Answer 25

Interstitial nephritis

Question 26

A beta lactamase inhibitor.

Answer 26

Clavulonic acid

Question 27

Bind irreversibly to beta lactamases, and act as "suicide inhibitors" and cause destruction of enzymes.

Answer 27

Beta lactamase inhibitors.

Question 28

Beta lactamase inhibitors have the greatest activity against what kind of oral bacteria?

Answer 28

Gram + anaerobes.

Question 29

This oral formulation is given when a dental infection won't go away with Penicillin.

Answer 29

Amoxicillin and Clavulonic acid

Question 30

This is most commonly prescribed for serious dental infections.

Answer 30

Clindamycin Often used bc it's not affected by beta lactamases.

Question 31

These antibiotics have a beta lactam ring and also attack the cell wall of bacteria.

Answer 31

Cephalosporins

Question 32

Bacterial cell wall-active agents.

Answer 32

Penicillin | Cephalosporins

Question 33

A really bad thing about Cephalosporins.

Answer 33

Have a big chance of being allergic to Cephalosporins if you're allergic to Penicillin.

Question 34

Cephalosporins CANNOT be used in these people.

Answer 34

People allergic to Penicillins.

Question 35

Can you take Aztreonam if you're allergic to Penicillin?

Answer 35

Yes! There's NO Cross-reactivity

Question 36

Bacteria that have these are resistant to carbepenems.

Answer 36

Metallo-beta lactamase-Zn

Question 37

Always given with Cilistatin

Answer 37

Imipenem

Question 38

Binds to D-ala-D-ala to inhibit transglycosylation.

Answer 38

Vancomycin

Question 39

Location of Vancomycin binding on the bacterial cell wall.

Answer 39

Terminal D-ala-D-ala.

Question 40

Type of bond between Vancomycin and D-ala-D-ala

Answer 40

Electrostatic

Question 41

Type of bacteria that Vancomycin kills.

Answer 41

Gram positive aerobes and anaerobes.

Question 42

"In the van we have: ...."

Answer 42

Positive aerobes and anaerobes.

Question 43

Is Vancomycin used for the prophylaxis of endocarditis?

Answer 43

NEVER

Question 44

If Vancomycin is taken this way, it's causes pseudomembranous colitis.

Answer 44

Orally

Question 45

What occurs with rapid administration (less than 1 hr for 1 gram dose) of Vancomycin?

Answer 45

Severe histamine reaction and "Red Man" or "Red Neck Syndrome."

Question 46

Older preparations of Vancomycin were what?

Answer 46

Impure and caused nephrotoxicity.

Question 47

Newer formulations of Vancomycin carry little increased risk of this.

Answer 47

Nephrotoxicity.