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Penicillins Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Narrow Spectrum Penicillins

A

Penicillin G and V

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2
Q

Penicillinase- resistant penicillins

A

Dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacilin

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3
Q

Extended- spectrum antibiotics

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin

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4
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanate (w amoxicillin) …. tazobactam w piperacillin and sulbactam with ampicillin

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5
Q

bacitracin and fosfomycin

A

inhibit cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis - block steps in formation of MurNAc-GlcNAc (disaccharide precursors)

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6
Q

fosfomycin

A

inhibits enolpyruvyl transferase - enzyme that catalyzes condensation of UDP- GlcNAc with phosphoenolpyruvate to UDP-MurNAc

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7
Q

vancomycin

A

binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine

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8
Q

name the beta-lactams

A

penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporins and a monobactam antibiotic named AZTREONAM

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9
Q

narrow spectrum penicillins - active against?

A

many gram POSITIVE cocci

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10
Q

penicillinase-resistant penicillins - active against?

A

some strains of penicillinase producing STAPHYLOCOCCI

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11
Q

extended spectrum penicillins - active agains?

A

some gram NEGATIVE bacilli & ANAEROBIC & gram POSITIVE organisms

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12
Q

penicillin antibiotics structure

A

beta-lactam ring fused to thiazolidine ring w unique R group for each antibiotic

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13
Q

penicillin stable in gastric acid &given orally

A

amoxicillin and penicillin V

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14
Q

acid labile penicillin

A

piperacillin

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15
Q

penicillins widely distributed to CNS?

A

NO.

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16
Q

penetrate CSF?

A

yes, with intravenous administration - meningitis

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17
Q

penicillins excreted in bile

A

ampicillin and nafcillin

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18
Q

renal tubular secretion inhibited by?

A

probenecid

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19
Q

penicillin G administered IM - forms?

A

procaine penicillin G and benzathine penicillin G

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20
Q

penicillin G and V (narrow spectrum) treat

A

streptococci (+pneumococci), meningococci and spirochetes(treponema pallidum)

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21
Q

PENICILLIN G CAN ALSO TREAT

A

Clostridium perfringens - gas gangrene

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22
Q

penicillin G ROA

A

Oral / parenteral

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23
Q

penicillin G elimination half life

24
Q

penicillin G ROE

25
penicillin G spectrum
``` syphilis (treponema pallidum) endocarditis (viridans streptococci, enterococci) meningitis (meningococci) pneumococci(pneumonia) various (streptococci) ```
26
penicillin V ROA
oral
27
penicillin V elimination half life
1 hr
28
penicillin v ROE
renal (TS)
29
penicillin v spectrum
pharyngitis (streptococcus pyogenes)
30
methicillin causes?
interstitial nephritis
31
staphylococci resistant to penicillinase resistant penicillins?
MRSA
32
dicloxacilin ROA
oral
33
dicloxacillin elimination half life
0.6 hr
34
dicloxacillin ROE
renal (TS)
35
penicillinase penicillin spectrum nafcillin oxacillin
serious staphylococcal infections (acute endocarditis) & osteomyelitis skin and soft tissue infections STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
36
nafcillin ROA
oral / parenteral
37
nafcillin elimination half life
0.5 hr
38
nafcillin ROE
biliary
39
extended spectrum penicillins
amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin
40
amoxicillin treat which pathogens?
can be used alone to treat resp tract infections (otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia also used for prophylaxis, to treat bacterial endocarditis in persons w heart valve disease
41
amoxicillin ROA
oral
42
amoxicillin elimination half life
1 hr
43
amoxicillin ROE
renal (TS)
44
amoxicillin +- clavulanate infections
``` otitis upper resp tract infections pneumonia skin and soft tissue infections UTIs ```
45
amoxicillin +- clavulanate pathogens
``` pneumococci streptococci staphylococci haemophilus influenza moraxella catarrhalis e. coli pasteurella multocida ```
46
ampicillin ROA
oral or parenteral
47
ampicillin elimination half life
1 hr
48
ampicillin ROE
renal (TS) and biliary
49
ampicillin +- sulbactam infections
meningitis (listeria monocytogenes) decubitus and diabetic foot ulcers (gram + and anaerobic) endocarditis (streptococci, enterococci) Lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi)
50
piperacillin ROA
parenteral
51
piperacillin elimination half life
1.2-1.3 hr
52
piperacillin ROE
renal (TS)
53
piperacillin +- tazobactam infections
intraabdominal infections skin and soft tissue infections pneumonia other infections (lower resp, complicated urine, gynec and febrile neutropenia) sometimes given in combo w aminoglycoside antibiotic
54
piperacillin +- tazobactam pathogens
aerobic & anaerobic organisms | pseudomonas aeruginosa
55
ampicillin + gentamicin (aminoglycoside)
enterococcal infections; | enterococcal endocarditis

test 1 (2 decks)

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