People Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
What are functions
A
the different types of work that need to be done in business
2
Q
what is human resources
A
the workers employed by a business
3
Q
what is identifying human resource needs
A
the act of thinking about the purposes of human resources and how many and what type of workers will be needed
4
Q
what is a personnel plan
A
a plan detailing the employees a business needs - how many will be full/part time workers, the skills they should have and when they will work
5
Q
what does a personnel plan include
A
how many workers are needed
type of workers needed
how the business will get its best out of the workers
6
Q
what influences the human resource needs of a business
A
what it produces
how much it produces
method of production
when production takes place
the functions/jobs to be completed
the budget available
7
Q
what is an organisational structure
A
how people and departments are arranged within a business
8
Q
what are the two different organisational structures
A
tall
flat
9
Q
what is a tall structure
A
a structure that has lots of layers of staff from top to bottom
10
Q
where is a tall structure suitable
A
large organisations
for non creative businesses where workers perform limited, clear tasks
11
Q
what are the advantages of a tall structure
A
there are clear lines of communicat-ion throughout the organisation
managers tend to have fewer people to be responsible for
lots of opportunities for promotion which can increase motivation of employees
12
Q
what are the disadvantages of a tall structure
A
subordinates may feel they are to controlled by line manager which reduces creativity
workers may only talk to immediate colleagues and be less sympathetic to other areas of the business
13
Q
what is a flat structure
A
an organisation with only a few layers maybe as little as two or three
14
Q
where is a flat structure suitable
A
for creative businesses
for smaller businesses because workers can feel valued
15
Q
what are the advantages of a flat structure
A
managers delegate responsibility to workers which is good for motivation
workers talk to a wider range of colleagues - new ideas are generated
16
Q
what are the disadvantages of a flat structure
A
there aren’t always clear lines of communication - may not get information
managers have a large number of workers to oversee
promotions may be few and unclear to workers - reduced motivation
17
Q
What is an organisational structure
A
a diagram to show how the workers are organised in a business and who is in charge of whom
18
Q
what is authority
A
the power that one person has to make decisions and to give instructions to those workers they are in charge of
19
Q
what is a line manager
A
a person who is in charge of other workers
20
Q
what are subordinates
A
workers that a line manager is responsible for
21
Q
what is delegation
A
a process where a manager gives a subordinate responsibility to make certain decisions for which the manager is responsible for
22
Q
what is a chain of command
A
the link in authority from those at the top to those at the bottom
23
Q
what is a span of control
A
the number of subordinates that a manager has authority over
24
Q
why do businesses chose different organisation charts
A
importance of effective communication
different job roles and responsibilities
different ways of working
25
What is full-time working
when a person works 35 hours or more per week
26
what are the advantages of full-time working to the business
the worker is permanently available for the business
27
what are the advantages of full-time working to the worker
they get paid for a full working week
28
what are the disadvantages of full-time working to the business
the business may have to pay the worker at a time when no work needs to be done
29
what are the disadvantages if full-time working to the worker
the worker is tied to working a full working week throughout the year
30
what is part-time working
when a person works fewer than 35 hours a week
31
what are the advantages of part-time working to the business
the worker can be asked to work at specific times needed by the business
32
what are the advantages of part-time working for the worker
the worker can work when it suits them
33
what are the disadvantages of part-time working to the business
the business may have to train more workers than if it employed only full time workers
34
what are the disadvantages of part-time working to the worker
the worker will only get paid for the hours they work so they earn less money or might need a second job
35
what is flexible working
the practice of people working partly at their place of work and partly elsewhere, perhaps at home or mobile, and possibly at times that suites them
36
what are the advantages of flexible working to the business
the business may benefit from motivated workers who like the flexibility of when they will work.
37
what are the advantages of flexible working for the worker
the worker can work at times that suit them
38
what are the disadvantages of flexible working to the business
the worker may not be available to work when needed by the business
39
what are the disadvantages of flexible working to the worker
the worker may not be offered as much work as they want
40
what is temporary working
when a person only works for a short period of time for an employer sometimes on a short term contract or sometimes on a day-to-day basis
41
what is an advantage of temporary working to the business
the business only employs workers for the length of time they need them
42
what is an advantage of temporary working to the worker
the worker can work and earn for a period and then have time to do other things they want to
43
what is a disadvantage of temporary working for the business
the business may find it difficult to recruit enough workers at times when they are needed
44
what is a disadvantage of temporary working to the worker
the worker may find there are times of the year when there is no work for them
45
what is working from home
when a person completes work for a business in their home
46
what is an advantage of working from home to the business
the business may save costs by not having to provide office space
47
what is an advantage of working from home to the worker
the worker saves time and money by not having to travel to work
48
what is a disadvantage of working from home to a business
workers may not communicate with each other very well - reducing their efficiency
49
what is a disadvantage of working from home for the worker
the worker may find there are distractions at home
they may miss socialising
50
what is working when mobile
when people work while they are on the move, travelling or on holiday
51
what are the advantages of working mobile to the business
the business benefits from the increased productivity of the worker
52
what are the advantages of working mobile to the worker
the worker can make full use of their time even when they are travelling
53
what are the disadvantages of working mobile to the business
the business may not be able to monitor that the worker is working as much as he or she should
54
what are the disadvantages of working mobile to the worker
the worker may feel under pressure to work a lot even on holiday
55
what is self employment
working for ones self instead of an employer
56
what are the advantages of self employment to the business
only need to pay them for a specific job - don't need to pay national insurance or a pension or pay them when there is no work
57
what are the advantages of self employment to the worker
the worker is likely to be in control and may be more motivated because their earnings depend on how much they produce
58
what are the disadvantages of self employment to the business
they may not work in the way that the employees are trained to work
59
what are the disadvantages of self employment to the worker
there is a lot less job security for the worker as there may be times when there is no income
60
what is communication
the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through a means of communication
61
what is verbal communication
communication by speaking - in meetings, by telephone, by video conference or through presentation
62
what is written communication
communication through written words - text, emails and letters
63
what are the advantages of communication over the phone
good for discussion of ideas and making arrangements
its immediate providing the communicators are available to speak
64
what are the disadvantages of communication over the phone
no record of the discussion (unless recorder)
can be difficult with long waiting times to get through to a call centre
65
what re the advantages of a meeting
good way to exchange ideas and check understanding
minutes are written for a record
66
what are the disadvantages of a meeting
can be expensive to get people together
formal meetings can take time to arrange
67
what are the advantages of a presentation
the speaker can prepare in advantage to be able to explain it clearly
often possible to ask questions and help understanding
68
what are the disadvantages of a presentation
there will be a lot of listeners and may be difficult to check they all understand
presentations take time to plan and are expensive
69
what are the advantages of a letter
provides a record of communication
the sender can make sure ideas are clearly expressed and the reader can read it more than once
70
what are the disadvantages of a letter
it takes time for letters to be delivered
if the meaning is unclear it may be difficult for the receiver to check
71
what are the advantages of an email
a very fast method of communicating
good for short messages but you can also add attachments for more information
72
what are the disadvantages of an email
a person may not check their emails regularly
bulk emails are often ignored or sent to spam
73
what are the advantages of text
very fast method
receiver can save the text to remember the details
74
what are the disadvantages of a text
only limited information can be given
not good for discussing ideas
75
what are the advantages of social media
the message can be sent to multiple people cheaply
pictures can be added to the message
76
what are the disadvantages of social media
someone in the business needs to manage the communications
not easy to judge how successful a message has been
77
what are the advantages of websites
saves money as information doesn't need to be printed or posted
customers can order online doesn't need a shop
78
what are the disadvantages of a website
customers cannot ask for information easily
customers cannot view the goods
79
what is feedback
the response made by the person who received a communication which indicates if they have understood the communication
80
what is the importance of communication in marketing
research needs to be done to find out what the customers want
important for telling customers about the goods and services
sales team may need to communicate about selling the product
81
what is the importance of communication in human resources
workers need to be recruited
workers need to be appraised
problems between workers need to be solved
82
what is the importance of communication within the government
the business needs to know their rules and regulations about safety, environmental (etc)
the business may ask for help from the government
83
what is the importance of communication in operations
the production team will need to know how many goods to make
they need to discuss problems about quality
84
what is the importance of communication in finance
communication with banks about loans
bills need to be sent out and payment recorded
the account department need information about sales and purchases to keep accurate accounts
85
what is digital communication
the electronic exchange of information using ICT
86
what effects are there of digital communication on operations
automation - fewer workers are needed reducing costs - expensive at first
87
what effects are there of digital communication in human resources
working mobile - easier, more widely used
recruitment websites - easier to recruit workers
increased productivity - can do tasks quicker on computers - reducing costs
88
what effects are there of digital communication in marketing
sell online - fewer shops or offices - less expensive
online marketing - promoting via websites and social media
increased competition - cheaper for businesses to sell online - easier for consumers to shop
new business opportunities - new online TV stations and delivery services
89
what is a skills gap
when a business recruits skilled workers because it is short of them
90
what is analysing human resource needs
when an organisation decides how many workers and what type it should employ
91
why do business recruit
to start up a business - need workers to run it, make the goods/services it offers
when a business grows - may need more workers and then more managers
to replace employees who leave - retirement, promotion, dismissal, better pay from another business
to fill a skills gap - short of skills because its growing or it is changing the way it produces which requires more skilled workers
92
what is an external method of recruitment
includes websites ,newspapers ,social media and specialist magazines
93
what is an internal method of recruitment
includes notice boards, word of mouth, company websites and emails to staff
94
what is a job description
a list of the main duties ,tasks and responsibilities of a worker
95
what is a person specification
a list of the qualities, qualifications and knowledge that a person should have to do a particular job
96
what are the advantages of internal recruitment
it is cheaper to advertise internally
often quicker to recruit than external
the worker will already be known to the managers so can be confident about the work they will do
the worker knows the business so there arent any problems settling in
it can motivate workers if they see colleagues being promoted
97
what are the advantages of external recruitment
it can fill a skills gap when there is no one employed who can do the job
people from outside can bring in new ideas
avoids workers becoming unhappy if they arent selected but their colleague is
necessary when the business is growing and more workers are needed
saves having to recruit someone to replace a worker promoted internally
98
what are the key points of a website
internal and external - firms website or special site for advertising
99
what are the key points of social media
internal and external - now widely used as many applicants have social media
100
what are the key points of local newspapers
external - appropriate when the job is likely to only appeal to those in the area
101
what are key points of national newspapers
external - appropriate when workers from a wide geographical area may apply - expensive
102
what are the key points of specialist magazines and newspapers
external - good for specialists in professions who read journals and magazines relevant to their expertise.
103
what are the key points of a job centre
external - run by the government give workers the opportunity to use computers and find out a wide range of jobs
104
what are the key points of word of mouth
internal and external - existing employees tell friends which saves the business money
105
what are the key points of emails
internal - the business can send an advertisement to workers they know may be interested in the job
106
what are the main points of noticeboard or company magazines
internal - this is cheap and will be seen by workers likely to be interested in the job
107
what is selection
the process of choosing between applicants for a job
108
what are the 7 methods of selection
Letter of application
Interview
application form
group activities
reference
tests and presentations
CV (Curriculum Vitae)
109
what is a letter of application
the applicant uses this to explain why they think they are suitable for the job
it is helpful to see how well the applicant's information is put together
110
what is an interview
the business representative asks questions of the applicants
good for finding out what applicants have to say and judging their personality and communication skills
111
what is an application form
the firm can specify the information it needs and all the applicants will need to complete a form
a good way to compare applciants
112
what are group activities
applicants work together on a task
good for showing how well people work with others.
113
what is a reference
a statement from a previous employer to give information about work sone by an applicant and how well they did their job
114
what are tests and presentations
the applicants ability for a specific skill such as typing can be tested
a presentation enables the applicant to demonstrate their ideas and ability to communicate
115
what is a CV(Curriculum Vitae)
a summary of the personal details and qualifications and experience of the applicant
116
what is motivation
encouragement given to workers to work well
117
what are the 4 financial methods of motivation
Pay
Bonus
Profit sharing
Fringe benefits
118
what is Pay
the money earned by the workers as a reward for the work they do
119
what are the positives and negatives of Pay
doesnt reward workers for how well they work only for how long they work.
a wage is paid weekly and a salary is paid yearly - it motivates workers as they receive a regular income
120
what is a Bonus
an additional payment to workers for achieving a target
121
what are the positives and negatives of Bonuses
targets need to be fair and realistic or workers won't feel motivated
it motivates workers because the more they produce or sell the more they earn - productivity is improved
122
what is Profit Sharing
when workers receive some of the profits made by a business
123
what are the positives and negatives of Profit Sharing
it reduces profit for shareholders
it motivates them - if they work efficiently the business makes more profit which will increase their income
124
what are Fringe Benefits
additional benefits that workers receive in addition to pay e.g. a gym membership
125
what are the positives and negatives of Fringe Benefits
are a cost to the business so may remove profits
attractive package of pay and benefits that are good for motivating staff not to leave the business
126
who are bonuses often paid to
individuals or teams who's output can be measured
127
who are Profit Sharing often paid to
workers who's individual output can be measured
128
what are the 3 methods of non-financial motivation?
praise
award schemes
working environment
129
what is praise
a way of motivating a worker by complimenting their work and making them feel recognised and valued.
130
how does Praise motivate
it makes workers feel appreciated and valued. those not praised may feel that they need to work better to earn praise.
131
what is an advantage of Praise
it doesnt cost the business anything and it helps to make a positive climate.
132
what is a disadvantage of Praise
sometimes there is no financial reward for work over a long time workers may not feel truly value
133
who is Praise suitable for
all workers as everyone likes to be appriciated
134
what is an award scheme
a presentation to recognise an individual worker or teams effort and achievement
135
how do award schemes motivate
it makes workers feel values and will encourage them and others to continue to increase their efforts
136
what is an advantage of an award scheme
cost of these vary but not all are expensive to give
137
what is a disadvantage of an award scheme
there is some cost to them, they need to be given to fairly so workers who do not receive an award dont feel upset
138
who is an award scheme suitable for
all workers as everyone likes to feel appreciated.
139
what is a working environment
the quality of the physical workplace and its atmosphere (how people treat each other) etc.
140
how does working environment motivate workers
makes workers feel well looked after and that their opinions are valued
141
what is an advantage if a working environment
if workers feel values they will respect the business and their colleagues creating a positive attitude to work
142
what is a disadvantage to a working environment
there is a cost to some of this e.g. improving facilities
143
who is a working environment suitable for
most workers except for those who work in conditions where improvements to comfort are difficult
144
what are the 4 advantages of motivated workers
high worker productivity
reduced levels of worker supervision
low worker absenteeism
improved quality
145
what is high worker producivity
workers will produce more goods or improved services in the time they work. This will reduce the costs of production and the prices the business charges can e reduced so that sales and profits rise.
146
what is reduced levels of worker supervision
workers will want to do their job well. This may reduce business costs as fewer supervisors need to be employed.
147
what is low worker absenteeism
workers will be happy about coming into work and less likely to take a day off if they are only slightly unwell
148
what is improved quality
workers will take pride in doing their work and will produce quality goods and services, knowing this will satisfy consumers and give the business a good name. There will be less waste which helps to reduce costs.
149
what is labour turnover
a measure of the number or proportion of staff who leave an organisation each year and who therefore will be replaced.
150
what is retention
when workers choose to stay employed in a business rather than leaving to work elsewhere
151
what is motivation
how workers are encouraged to work well
152
what does high employee retention mean
workers stay there for a long amount of time and there is a low labour turnover
153
what does a low employee retention mean
that workers do not stay long and their is a high labour turnover
154
what are the benefits of a worker staying a long amount of time
the business need to recruit less often - saves recruitment time and costs
training costs are lower - workers are already familiar
when they do want to recruit it is easier as they have a good reputation for workers treatment
155
when do businesses not want to retain their workers
when they are only needed for a short time e.g. summer holidays
156
what is training
short term instruction that focuses on helping a worker to do his or her job correctly
157
what is induction training
training to introduce a new worker to an organisation, including how to do the job, how it fits within the operation of the business and an introduction to the others in the organisation.
158
what is on the job training
occurs at the place of work and when the worker is doing his or her job
159
what are the advantages of on the job training
it is specific to the individual needs of a business
it saves on cost to travel to a course
the worker produces something as she or he trains
the business ca teach the person exactly how they want the job done
160
what are the disadvantages of on the job training
the work done as a learner starts to train may not be of good enough quality
the trainer may be good at their job but not at training
it isnt easy to train a group of trainees
the worker may learn only how to do the work in the way the business does it
the worker may not obtain qualification from the training
