People

Question 1

53. Hobbes

Answer 1

• “life is nasty, brutish and short”
• strong, controlling government
• authoritarianism
• people will defeat each other, we need strong authority figures to keep people safe and secure

Question 2

54. Locke

Answer 2

• father of liberalism
• advocated for personal freedoms
• close to classical liberalism

Question 3

55. Rousseau

Answer 3

• “man is born free, yet everywhere is in chains”
• “chains” caused by government
• opposite of Hobbes
• believer in government controlled by people

Question 4

56. Voltaire

Answer 4

• separation of church and state
• against monarchy and the Catholic Church
• no official religion
• favours logic, empirical evidence, rationality

Question 5

57. Montesquieu

Answer 5

• separation of powers
• 3 branches of government (minorities begin to be more protected though this wasn’t his goal)
• Britain has levels of government and they keep winning against us
• government held accountable for actions

Question 6

58. Smith

Answer 6

• father of economics
• book: THE WEALTH OF NATIONS
• contrasts mercantilism (advocates free trade)
  1. Laissez-faire (let it happen) economics - no government interference in economy, natural trade flow
  2. Invisible hand - economy growth is naturally controlled by itself, government control isn’t needed

Question 7

59. Mill

Answer 7

1. Greatest good for the greatest number (utilitarianism) - majority interest, this is how he believes governments should make decisions, good unless you’re a minority
2. The harm principle - right to freedoms until the point of harming someone else, idea that genius ideas come from individual freedom

Question 8

60. Who introduced the idea of Social contract

Answer 8

Hobbes and Locke

Hobbes - we need a strong government to control people
Locke - personal rights + freedoms, power of people

Question 9

61. Who introduced the idea of laissez-faire economics

Answer 9

Smith in his book THE WEALTH OF NATIONS - “let it happen”, no government interference

Question 10

62. Who introduced the idea of invisible hand

Answer 10

Smith in his book THE WEALTH OF NATIONS - a natural force controls economy, government doesn’t need to and shouldn’t, economic freedom

Question 11

63. Who introduced the idea of the greatest good for the greatest number

Answer 11

Mill - this is how government should make decisions, based on what benefits the most number of people. Good unless you’re a minority

Question 12

64. Who introduced the idea of harm principle

Answer 12

Mill- basically unlimited freedom until you harm someone else, genius (+ betterment of society) comes from being free, “censorship is the enemy of progress”